ARİSTOTELES’E MUHTEMEL KATKILARI BAKIMINDAN SOKRATİK EPAGOGE KULLANIMLARI

Bu makalede Sokrates’in epagoge terimini mantıksal açıdan hangi tür akıl yürütme yöntemi olarak kullandığı üzerine gelişen modern tartışmalar ikincil literatür üzerinden karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecektir. Robinson, Santas ve McPherren gibi bazı isimler Aristoteles’in epagoge (tümevarım) kullanımını da içeren geniş bir yorumun Sokrates’te bulunabileceğini iddia ederler. Bu yönüyle onlar tümevarımın ilk kez Sokrates tarafından ortaya koyulduğu iddiasını savunurlar. Diğer taraftan Guthrie, Vlastos ve Ausland gibi bazıları Sokrates’in epagoge kullanımını Sokratik çürütmelerin bir bileşeni olarak Aristoteles’in kullanımını kapsamayan alternatif yönden değerlendirirler. Filozofun epagoge kullanımını net bir biçimde Aristoteles’in tümevarım anlayışından ayrıştırırlar. İlk gruptakiler Platon diyaloglarını ve çeşitli akıl yürütme formlarını öncelerken, ikinciler Ksenophon gibi Sokrates’in diğer takipçilerinin eserlerindeki ve terimin diğer Sokrates öncesi metinlerdeki kullanımlarını ön plana çıkarmaktadırlar. Çalışmada öncelikle iki grubun analizlerine yer verilecek, sonrasında Sokrates’in epagoge kullanımlarının Aristoteles’e olan muhtemel katkıları Ross, Von Fritz ve Helmig gibi Aristoteles uzmanlarının tespitleriyle tamamlanacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Mantık, Sokrates, Epagoge, Aristoteles, Tümevarım

Socratic Epagoge Usages in Terms of Possible Contributions to Aristotle

In this article, various modern debates that have developed on what kind of reasoning method Socrates uses with the term epagoge logically will be examined comparatively through the secondary literature. Some, such as Robinson, Santas, and McPherren, claim that a broad interpretation can be found in Socrates, including Aristotle's use of the epagoge (induction). In this respect, they defend the claim that induction was first introduced by Socrates. On the other hand, some, such as Guthrie, Vlastos, and Ausland, consider Socrates' use of the epagoge as a component of Socratic elenchus, in an alternative way that does not include Aristotle's usage. They clearly distinguish the philosopher's use of epagoge from Aristotle's understanding of induction. The first group prioritizes Platonic dialogues and various forms of reasoning, while the latter highlight uses of the term in the works of other followers of Socrates, such as Xenophon, and in other pre-Socratic texts. In the study, first of all, the arguments of the two groups will be analysed and then the possible contributions of Socrates' epagoge usage to Aristotle will be completed with the interpretations of Aristotle experts such as Ross, Von Fritz and Helmig.

Keywords:

Logic, Socrates, Epagoge, Aristotle, Induction,

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