Muammer OZCİMEN, Yasar SAKARYA, Rabia SAKARYA, Selcuk KARA, Hüseyin KURKU

Free radical content of drugs used in ophthalmology

Oftalmolojide kullanılan ilaçlarda bulunan serbest radikallerin varlığını incelemek. İntrakameral ve intravitreal kullanılan 25 ilaç örneği, fortifiye damla olarak kullanılan 11 ilaç örneği, uzun süreli kullanılan 30 göz damlası örneği ve farklı yaş ve cins hastadan alınan 8 otolog serum örneği serbest radikal varlığını analiz etmek için total oksidan status kiti kullanıldı. En yüksek serbest radikal konsantrasyonu intrakameral grupta moksifloxacinde (Vigamox), intravitreal grupta klindamisinde, antiglokom grubunda brinzolamidde ölçüldü. Oftalmolojide kullanılan ilaçlarda serbest radikaller bulunmaktadır. Cerrah hastalıklı göz varlığında oksi- datif doku hasarı riskini göz önünde bulundurmalıdır.

Göz hastalıklarında kullanılan ilaçların serbest radikal içerikleri

To evaluate the presence of free radicals in various drugs used in ophthalmology. Twenty five samples of drugs that are used by intracameral or intravitreal route, eleven samples of drugs used as fortified eye drop, thirty samples of topical commercial preparations that are used as long term, and eight samples of autologous serum were analyzed for total free radical presence using a kit for total oxidant status. The highest free radical concentration was in Moxifloxacin (Vigamox) in intracameral group, clindamycin in intravitreal group, brinzolamide in antiglaucoma group. Free radicals are present in drugs used in ophthalmology. The surgeon should consider the risk of oxidative damage in the presence of diseased eye.

PDF

___

1. Murano N, Ishizaki M, Sato S, Fukuda Y, Takahashi H. Corneal endothelial cell damage by free radicals as- sociated with ultrasound oscillation. Arch Ophthalmol 2008;126:816-21
2.Farber JL, Kyle ME, Coleman JB. Mechanisms of cell inju- ry by activated oxygen species. Lab Invest 1990;62:670-9.
3.Freeman BA, Crapo JD. Free radicals and tissue injury. Lab Invest 1982;47:412-26.
4.Kojo S. Vitamin C. basicmetabolismand its function as an index oxidative stres Curr Med Chem 2004;11:1041-64.
5.Lockington D, Macdonald EC, Young D, Stewart P, Caslake M, Ramaesh K. Presence of free radicals in intracamer- al agents commonly used during cataract surgery. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:1674-7.
6. Lockington D, Macdonald E, Gregory M, Stewart P, Caslake M, Ramaesh K. Presence of free radicals in commonly used ophthalmic preparations. Br J Ophthalmol 2010; 94:525-6.
7.De Saint Jean M, Debbasch C, Brignole F, Rat P, Warnet JM, Baudouin C. Toxicity of preserved and unpreserved antiglaucoma topical drugs in an in vitro model of con- junctival cells. Curr Eye Res 2000;20:85-94.
8. Davison CR, Tuft SJ, Dart JK. Conjunctival necrosis after administration of topical fortified aminoglycosides. Am J Ophthalmol 1991;111:690-3.
9. Borazan M, Karalezli A, Oto S, et al. Induction of apopto- sis of rabbit corneal endothelial cells by preservative-free lidocaine hydrochloride 2%, ropivacaine 1%, or levobupi- vacaine 0.75%. J Cataract Refract Surg 2009;35:753-8.
10. Demir MN, Demir ZA, Yalçın TO, et al. Oxidative stress of intracameral lidocaine and levobupivacaine on ocular tis- sues. Br J Ophthalmol 2010;94:1083-7.
11. Ozlem TY, Necati DM, Fatma YM, Gülsen Y, Ayşe NB, Firdevs O. Are cefuroxime and vancomycin really safe on the corneal endothelial cells? Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2010;248:415-20.
12. Mamalis N, Edelhauser HF, Dawson DG, Chew J, LeBoyer RM, Werner L. Toxic anterior segment syndrome. J Cataract Refract Surg 2006;32:324-33.
13. Penha FM, Rodrigues EB, Furlani BA, Dib E, Melo GB, Farah ME. Toxicological considerations for intravitreal drugs. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2011;7:1021-34.
14. Lin CP, Boehnke M. Effect of fortified antibiotic solutions on corneal epithelial wound healing. Cornea 2000;19:204-6.
15. Tang RK, Tse RK. Acute renal failure after topical fortified gentamicin and vancomycin eyedrops. J Ocul Pharmacol Ther 2011;27:411-3.
16. Weston BC, Loveless JW. Canalicular stenosis due to topical use of fortified antibiotics. Can J Ophthalmol 2000;35:334-5.
17. Kuizenga A, van Haeringen NJ, Kijlstra A. Inhibition of hydroxyl radical formation by human tears. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 1987;28:305-13.
18. Buddi R, Lin B, Atilano SR, Zorapapel NC, Kenney MC, Brown DJ. Evidence of oxidative stress in human corneal diseases. J Histochem Cytochem 2002;50:341-51.
19. Debbasch C, De La Salle SB, Brignole F, Rat P, Warnet JM, Baudouin C. Cytoprotective effects of hyaluronic acid and Carbomer 934P in ocular surface epithelial cells. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002;43:3409-15.
20. Geerling G, Maclennan S, Hartwig D. Autologous serum eye drops for ocular surface disorders. Br J Ophthalmol 2004;88:1467-74.