Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) bakır sülfat pentahidrat ile oluşturulan akut ve kronik bakır toksikasyonunda patolojik incelemeler

Öztürk S, Avcı H. Gökkuşağı alabalıklarında (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) bakır sülfat pentahidrat ile oluşturulan akut ve kronik bakır toksikasyonunda patolojik incelemeler. Amaç: Bu araştırmada bakır sülfat pentahidrat ile gökkuşağı alabalıklarında deneysel akut ve kronik bakır toksikasyonu modeli oluşturulması ve klinik, makroskobik ve mikroskobik bulgularının incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmada, 30 adet gökkuşağı alabalığı iki deneme grubu [(Akut Grup (Grup I), n: 10 - Kronik Grup (Grup III), n:10)] ve iki kontrol grubu [(Akut Kontrol Grup (Grup II), n: 5 - Kronik Kontrol Grup (Grup IV), n: 5) ] olmak üzere dört gruba ayrıldı. Grup I'de bulunan balıklara 2 mg/L 5 gün ve Grup III'te bulunan balıklara ise 0.5 mg/L bakır sülfat pentahidrat olacak şekilde 21 gün uygulandı. Bulgular: Makroskobik incelemede Grup I'de karaciğerler şişkin ve konjesyonluydu. Solungaçlar ödemli, bağırsaklar ise hiperemikti. Grup III'te karaciğerin renginde açılmalar dikkati çekti. Solungaçlar solgun, deri yüzeyi ise mukusla kaplıydı. Grup I'de en belirgin mikroskobik bulguya karaciğerlerde rastlandı. Hepatositlerde dejenerasyonlar, solungaçlarda ödem, hiperemi ve kanamalardan oluşan vasküler lezyonlar ile birlikte epitellerde nekrotik değişiklikler saptandı. Böbrekte, tubulus epitellerinde yaygın dejenerasyonlar ile epitel sitoplazmalarında değişen büyüklüklerde eozinofilik hiyalin damlacıkları mevcuttu. Bakır sülfat pentahidratın düşük dozda verildiği Grup III'te hepatositlerde dejenerasyonlar yaygın olarak görüldü. Olguların tamamında hepatositlerin çekirdeklerinin veziküler görünümde olduğu dikkati çekti. Solungaçlarda hiperplaziler sonucu kalınlaşmalar oldukça belirgindi. Deride epidermisde mukus hücrelerinde artış ile hidropik dejenerasyon görüldü

Pathological findings in acute and chronic copper toxicity in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss, Walbaum 1792) occurred by copper sulfate pentahydrate.

Aim: In this study, it was aimed an experimental model of acute and chronic copper toxicity in the form of rainbow trout with copper sulfate pentahydrate and investigate the clinic, macroscopic and microscopic findings. Materials and Methods: In the present study, thirty rainbow trout were divided into four groups: Two experiment [(Acute Group (Group I), n:10 - Chronic Group (Group III), n:10)] and two control groups [(Acute Control Group (Group II), n:5 - Chronic Control Group (Group IV), n:5)]. Copper sulphate pentahidrate was given 2 mg/L for a 5 days and 0.5 mg/L for a 21 days in Group I and III, respectively. Results: Macroscopically, livers were swollen and had dark red color in Group I. Gills were oedematous. In Group III, liver had remarkable pale color. Gill were pale and skin was covered by mucous. In Group I, the most salient microscopic finding was seen in the liver. Degenerations were seen widely in hepatocytes. In the gills, epithelial necrotic changes with vascular lesions including edema, hyperemia and hemorrhage were observed. In the kidney, there were degeneration and eosinophilic hyalin droblets with variable sized in the cytoplasm of tubular epitheliums. Liver had diffusive degenerations in Group III. Hepatocyte nucleus has remarkable vesicular appearance in all findings. There was obvious thickness caused by hyperplasia in the gills. There was an increase in the number of mucous cell and hydropic degeneration on epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Conclusion: As a result, it is recommended to consider the concentration of copper sulfate pentahydrate in water in rainbow trout aquaculture.

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