Filiz ÜNAL, F. Sara DOLAR, Nasibe TEKİNER, Nergiz Zeynep YEĞİN

Molecular Identification, Virulens and Genetic Diversity of Fusarium species on Wheat

Surveys were conducted in Konya, Ankara, Eskisehir, Kayseri, Nevsehir, Aksaray, Yozgat, Kirsehir and Kirikkale province in 2011 and 2012 growing seasons and 1256 diseased wheat samples were collected from 2770 wheat fields. As a result of isolation from this samples 668 Fusarium isolates were obtained belonging to 18 different species. In consequence of DNA sequence analysis, obtained isolates were determined Fusarium acuminatum, F. avenaceum, F. brachygibbosum, F. cerealis, F. chlamydosporum, F. culmorum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. incarnatum, F. lacertarum, F. longipes, F. nivale (Microdochium nivale), F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. sporotrichioides, F. tricinctum. Pathogenicity tests performed and it was determined that the most virulent group were respectively, 86,72-96%, 84,67-94% ve 80,67-94,67% with diseases severity F. culmorum, F. tricinctum and F. nivale. The most commonly isolated species was F. nivale. Using phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer sequence data, it was examined by genetic variations between species of Fusarium.

Keywords:

Fusarium spp., Triticum aestivum, molecular, pathogenicity,

PDF

___

Appel DJ, Gordon TR.1996. Relationships among pathogenic and non-pathogenic isolates of Fusarium oxysporum based on the partial sequence of the intergenic spacer region of the ribosomal DNA. Molecular Plant Microbe Interactions, 9, 125-38.
Aroca, A., Raposo, R. 2007. PCR-based stragety to detect and identify species of Phaeoacremonium causing grapevine diseases. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 73, 2911-2918.
Bentley, A. R., Tunali, B., Nicol, J., Burgess, L. W., and Summerell, B. A. 2006. A survey of Fusarium species associated with wheat stem bases in northern Turkey. Sydowia 58:163-177.
Bottalico, A., & Perrone, G. 2002. Toxigenic Fusarium species and mycotoxins associated with head blight in small-grain cereals in Europe. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 108, 611–624.
Burgess, L. W., Backhouse, D., Summerell, B.A., and Swan, L. J. 2001. Crown rot of wheat. Pages 271-295 in: Fusarium – Paul E. Nelson Memorial Symposium. B. A. Summerell, J. F. Leslie, D. Backhouse, W. L. Bryden, and L. W. Burgess, eds. American Phytopathological Society.
Cobos, R., Martin, M.T. 2008. Molecular characterisation of Phaeomoniella chlamydospora isolated from grapevines in Castilla y León (Spain). Phytopathol. Mediterr., 47, 20–27.
Demirci, E., and Dane, E. 2003. Identification and pathogencity of Fusarium spp. from stem bases of winter wheat in Erzurum, Turkey. Phytoparasitica 31:170-173.
Fernandez, M. R., and Chen, Y. 2005. Pathogenicity of Fusarium species on different plant parts of spring wheat under controlled conditions. Plant Dis. 89:164-169.
Ichielevich- Auster M., Sneh, B., Koltin Y., Barash I.,1985. Suppression of Damping-Off Caused by Rhizoctonia Species by a Nonpathogenic Isolate of R. solani. Phytopathology 75:1080-1084.
Karman, M. 1971. Bitki Koruma Araştırmalarında Genel Bilgiler, Denemelerin Kuruluşu ve Değerlendirme Esasları, Bornova-İzmir, 279s.
Lemmens, M., Bűrstmayr, H., Krska, R., Schumacher, R., Grausgruber, H., & Ruckenbauer, P. 2004. The effect of inoculation treatment and long-term application of moisture on Fusarium head blight symptoms and deoxynivalenol contamination in wheat grains. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110, 229–308.
Leslie JF and Summerell BA 2006 The Fusarium Laboratory manual. (Blackwell Publishing: Iowa, USA). Mishra PK, Fox RT, Culham A. 2003. Development of a PCR-based assay for rapid and reliable identification of pathogenic Fusaria. FEMS Microbiol Lett,218(2): 329-32.
Nicholson P, Simpson DR, Weston G, Rezanoor HN, Lees AK, Parry DW, Joyce D. 1998. Detection and quantification of Fusarium culmorum and Fusarium graminearum in cereals using PCR assays. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology, 53: 17–37.
O'Donnell K, Cigelnik EH, Nirenberg I. 1998. Molecular systematic and phylogeography of the Gibberella fujikurori species complex, Mycologia, 90: 465-93.
O’Donnell K, Kistler HC, Tacke BK and Casper HH. 2000. Gene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 97:7905–7910.
O'Donnell K, Sutton DA, Fothergill A, McCarthy D, Rinaldi MG, Brandt ME, Zhang N, Geiser DM 2008. Molecular phylogenetic diversity, multilocus haplotype nomenclature, and in vitro antifungal resistance within the Fusarium solani species complex. J Clin Microbiol, 46: 2477-90.
Parry DW, Jenkinson P and MacLeod L (1995) Fusarium ear blight (scab) in small grain cereals – a review. Plant Pathology, 44: 207–238.
Schiling A.G., Möller E.M., Geiger H.H. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Assays for Species-Specific Detection of Fusarium culmorum, F. graminearum, and F. avenaceum. Phytopathol. 1996; 86:515–522.m species. Plant Protect. Sci. Vol. 46, 2010, No. 2: 59–65.
Smiley, R. W., and Patterson, L. M. 1996. Pathogenic fungi associated with Fusarium foot rot of winter wheat in the semiarid Pacific Northwest. Plant Dis. 80:944-949.
Stepien, Ł., Popiel, D., Koczyk, G., & Chełkowski, J. 2008. Wheat-infecting Fusarium species in Poland-their chemotypes and frequencies revealed by PCR assay. Journal of Applied Genetics, 49(4), 433–441.
Tan MK, Niessen LM. 2003. Analysis of rDNA ITS sequences to determine genetic relationships among, and provide a basis for simplified diagnosis of, Fusarium species causing crown rot and head blight of cereals. Mycol Res, 107(Pt 7): 811-21.
Tunalı B, Nicole JM, Hodson D, Uçkun Z, Büyük, O, Erdurmuş D, Hekimhan H, Aktaş H, Akbudak MA, Bağcı SA. 2008. Root and crown root fungi associated with spring, facultative, and winter wheat in Turkey. Plant Disease, 92:1299-1306.
Voight K, Schleier S, Bruckner B. 1995. Genetic variability in Gibberella fujikuroi and some related species of the genus Fusarium based on random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Current Genetics, 27, 528-535.
White TJ, Bruns T, Lee S, Taylor JW. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. In: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, eds. Innis, MA, Gelfand DH, Sninsky JJ, White TJ. Academic Press, Inc., New York. pp. 315-322.
Yıldırım, A. F., Kınacı, E., Hekimhan, H., Çeri, S., 1999. Konya, Karaman, Niğde ve Aksaray yörelerinde tahıllarda önemli hastalıkların durumu ve bunlara dayanıklılık kaynaklarının araştırılması, Hububat Sempozyumu, Konya, s: 404-413.