Şule SARIÇAM, K. Yaprak KANTOĞLU, Ş. Şebnem ELLİALTIOĞLU

Tissue Culture Applications in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a major fresh leafy vegetable and belongs to the Asteraceae family (Compositae). The focus of modern lettuce breeding objectives is to improve horticultural characteristics such as quality, resistance to early bolting and breeding for resistance to pests and diseases. These characteristics may be improved using biotechnology and gene transfer strategies. Tissue culture methods have proved successful in rescuing selected lettuce genotypes and producing seeds in a disease-free environment. And also overcome the limitations of in vivo techniques by shortening period of breeding programmes. The genetic engineering of lettuce requires a reliable and efficient tissue culture methods. Among these methods haploidization is of great interest for producing pure lines. Shoot organogenesis may aid the use of genetic engineering to improve important characteristics of lettuce. Embryo rescue is an important application for transfering the resistance to downy mildew, LMV, and beet western yellows virus from L. virosa and L. saligna into cultivated lettuce. Somatic hybridization via protoplast fusion has also been used to gain access to exotic, sexually incompatible germplasm. Propagation from axillary and apical buds of lettuce plants can also be routinely carried out. If propagation through tissue culture can be done efficiently on a large scale, it may be used to produce F1 hybrid plants and fix the hybrid vigour. Somaclonal variation provides another source of genetic variability. Regeneration via Somatic embryogenesis has advantages for lettuces.

Keywords:

Lettuce, Somatic embryogenesis, Haploidization Shoot organogenesis, Somaclonal variation, Somatic hybridization,

PDF

___

Ampomah-Dwamena C., Conner A. J. and Fautrier A. G.1997. “Genotypic response of lettuce cotyledons to regeneration in vitro”, Sci Hort., 71, 137–145.
Anonymus 2017. Turkish Statistical Institute https://biruni.tuik.gov.tr/bitkiselapp/bitkisel.zul.
Berry S. F., Lu D. Y., Pental D. and Cocking E. C.1982. “Regeneration of plants from protoplasts of Lactuca sativa L.”, Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 108, 31-38.
Chupeau M. C., Maisonneuve B., Bellec Y. and Chupeau Y. A. 1994. “Lactuca universal hybridizer, and its use in creation of fertile interspecific somatic hybrids”, Mol. Gen. Genet., 245, 139-145.
Dias B. B. A., Cunha W. G., Morais L. S., Vianna G. R., Rech E. L., de Capdeville G. and Aragão F. J. L. 2006. “Expression of an oxalate decarboxylase gene from Flammulina sp. in transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) plants and resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum”, Plant Pathol., 55, :187–193.
Doerschug M. R. and Miller C. O. 1967. “Chemical control of adventitious organ formation in Lactuca sativa explants”, Amer. J Bot., 54, 410–413.
Engler D. E. and Grogan R. G.1982. “Protoplast regeneration”, California Agriculture, 36 (8), 18-19.
George E. F. 1993 Plant Propagation by Tissue Culture: Part 1. The Technology. Ed. 2, Exegetics Ltd., Westbury, England, 574 pp.
Hunter D. C. and Burritt D. J. 2002.” Improved adventitious shoot production from cotyledon explants of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”, Sci. Hort., 95, 269–276.
Jenni S., Loukili F. and Moghaddam B. E. 2006 “In Vitro culture response of apical and axillary shoot-tips excised from crisphead lettuce cores depends on head maturity, not storage time”, In Vitro Cell. Dev. Biol.-Plant, 42, 274–277.
Kanamoto H., Yamashita A., Asa H., Okumura S., Takase H., Hattori M., Yokota A. and Tomizawa K. I. 2006. “Efficient and stable transformation of Lactuca sativa L. cv. Cisco (lettuce) plastids”, Trans. Res., 15, 205–217.
Kim J. H. and Botella J. R. 2004 “Etr1-1 gene expression alters regeneration patterns in transgenic lettuce stimulating root formation”, Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult., 78, 69–73.
Koyama R., Sanada M., Itoh H., Kanechi M., Inagaki N. and Uno Y. 2012 “In vitro evaluation of tipburn resistance in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”, Plant Cell Tiss. Organ Cult., 108, 221–227.
Latif B., Javaran M. J., Alizadeh H., Memari H. R. and Mohammadi R. 2014. “Interactions of genotype and plant growth regulators affecting direct shoot regeneration of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”, Int. J. Biosci., 5 (1), 315-322.
Łukasz P. 2013. Haploid embryos of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) induced by alien pollen or chemical factors, African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(4), pp. 345-352, DOI: 10.5897/AJB12.1526, 2013.
Łukasz P., Maciej Z. and Elżbieta Z. 2014. “Induction and development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa after intergeneric crosses and chemical treatment”, Acta Biol. Cracov. Series Botanica, 1 (56), 42.
Mohebodini M., Javaran M. J., Mahboudi F. and Alizadeh H. 2011 “Effects of genotype, explant age and growth regulators on callus induction and direct shoot regeneration of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)”, Australian J Crop Sci., 5(1), 92-95.
Maisonneuve B., Chupeau M. C., Bellec Y. and Chupeau Y. 1995. “Sexual and somatic hybridization in the genus Lactuca”, Euphytica, 85, 281-285.
Maisonneuve B.2003. “Lactuca virosa, a source of disease resistance genes for lettuce breeding: results and difficulties for gene introgression”, in: Eucarpia Leafy Vegetables, Centre for Genetic Resources, Wageningen, the Netherlands, pp. 61-67.
Matsumoto E.1991. “Interspecific hybridization between lettuce (Lacruca sativa) and wild species L. Virosa”, Plant Cell Rep., 9, 531-534.
Matsumoto E.1987. “Production of somatic hybrids between Lactuca sativa and L. serriola by cell fusion”, Japanese J. Breed., 37, 134-135.
Mazier M., Maisonneuve B., Bellec Y., Chupeau M. C., Souche S. and Chupeau Y. 1999. “Interest of protoplasts for lettuce breeding”, in: Eucarpia Leafy Vegetables ’99, A. Lebeda, and E. Krístková, ed., Proceedings of the Eucarpia Meeting on Leafy Vegetables Genetics and Breeding, Olomouc, the Czech Republic, 8-11 June, 1999, Palacky University Olomouc, Olomouc, pp. 239-244.
Mazier M., German-Retana S., Flamain F., Dubois F., Botton E., Sarnette V., Gall O. L., Candresse T., and Maisonneu and B. 2003 “Simple and efficient method for testing Lettuce Mosaic Virus resistance in in vitro cultivated lettuce”, Journal of Virological Methods, 116, 123–131.
Ryder E. J. 1986. Lettuce breeding, In: Basset MJ, ed. Breeding vegetable crop. CT, USA: AVI Publishing Inc., 433-474 p. Pink D. A. and Carter P. J.1987. “Propagation of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) breeding material by tissue culture”, Ann. Appl. Biol., 110, 611-616.
Siddiqui M. R. 2014 “Somatic hybridization via protoplasts fusion ın Lactuca sativa (Lettuce) and it’s fused product response to culture media”. J. Agric. Res., 52(1), 1-9.
Taniguchi T., Sato T., Maeda K. and Maeda E.1990. “Microscopic observations of fusion process of rice and lettuce protoplasts”, Current Plant Science and Biotechnology in Agriculture, 8, 281-298
Pinheiro M. V. M., Ribeiro da Silva T.C., Maia C., Lima B. V. and Motoike S. Y.2012. “In vitro propagation of lettuce genotypes via somatic embryogenesis”, Ciencia Rural, Santa Maria, 42 (l l), 1947-1953.
Piosik Ł. 2013. Haploid embryos of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) induced by alien pollen or chemical factors, Afr J Biotechnol 12(4):345–352. Piosik Ł., Zenkteler E. and Zenkteler M. 2016. “Development of haploid embryos and plants of Lactuca sativa induced by distant pollination with Helianthus annuus and H. tuberosus”, Euphytica, 208, 439–451.
Seabrook J. E.A. and Douglass L. K. 2000. “Regeneration of somatic embryos from plant tissues”, U.S. Patent # 6,071,746. Filed 02/02/98. Allowed June 6.
Seabrook J. E.A. and Douglass L. K.2003 “Somatic embryogenesis of lettuce from mature tissues”, Proc. XXVI IHC – Biotechnology in Hort. Crop Improvement, Eds. F.A. Hammerschlag, and P. Saxena, Acta Hort. 625, ISHS.
Teng W. L., Liu Y.J. and Soong T. S. 1992. “Rapid regeneration of lettuce from suspension culture”, Hortscience, 27(9), 1030-1032.
Vanjildorj E., Bae T. W., Riu K. Z., Kim S. Y. and Lee H. Y. 2005. “Overexpression of Arabidopsis ABF3 gene enhances tolerance to drought and cold in transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa)”, Plant Cell Tiss. Org. Cult., 83, 41-50.
Webb D. T., Torres L. D. and Fobert P. 1984. “Interactions of growth regulators, explant age and culture environment controlling organogenesis from lettuce cotyledons in vitro”, Can. J. Bot., 62, 586-590.
Xinrun Z. and Connor A. J. 1992. “Genotypic effects on tissue culture response of lettuce cotyledons”, J. Genet. Breeding, 46, 287-290.