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SÜRÜCÜSÜZ TAŞITLAR VE PAYLAŞIMLI KULLANIMININ KENTSEL ALANDA OTOPARK VE ARAZİ KULLANIMLARI ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİLERİ

Sürücüsüz taşıtlar ve paylaşımlı kullanımları üzerine yapılan son çalışmalar bu teknolojinin trafik, maliyet ve çevresel etkilerini araştırmış olsa da özellikle bu taşıtların otopark talebini azaltarak kentsel arazi kullanımları üzerindeki etkisi ile kentsel mekânı ve kent formlarını nasıl değiştirebileceği hakkında çok az şey bilinmektedir. Sürücüsüz taşıtlar bilgisayar tarafından kontrol edilirler, yolcuları bir noktadan alıp başka bir noktaya bırakabilir ve daha sonra uzak lokasyonlardan park yeri seçebilirler. Kendi kendine park etmenin birçok avantajı bulunmasının yanı sıra bunun insan sürücülerden farklı otopark talebi yaratacağı da öngörülmektedir. Bu çalışmada literatürde yer alan simülasyon ve modelleme temelli çalışmalardan yola çıkarak sürücüsüz taşıtlar ve paylaşımlı kullanımının otopark arz ve talebini nasıl etkileyeceği ve buna bağlı olarak değişen arazi kullanımının kente olası etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma bulgularına göre sürücüsüz taşıtların paylaşıldığında otopark talebini azaltabileceği, mevcut otopark alanlarının daha verimli kullanılmasını sağlayabileceği, buna bağlı olarak kent merkezinde otopark alanlarının ve yol kenarı parklanmasının azalabileceği beklenebilir. Böylelikle yeni alan bulmanın zor olduğu ve rantın yüksek olduğu kent merkezlerinde kazanılan yeni alanların, sosyal ve rekreasyon gibi kullanımlar için ayrılarak kentlilerin yaşam kalitesinin iyileştirilmesi için değerlendirilebileceği söylenebilir. Ayrıca kentlilere daha adil ve eşit bir ulaşım imkânı ve daha erişilebilir kentler sunulabilir. Ancak doğru politikalar izlenmediğinde talebin kışkırtılarak kent merkezinde sıkışıklığa neden olabileceği, daha yoğun kent merkezlerine yol açabileceği, kentsel saçaklanmayı tetikleyebileceği ve bu sebeple yerleşime açılmamış doğal alanların tahribine ve kentlilere yüklenen yeni altyapı maliyetleri sonucunu doğurabileceği de düşünülmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sürücüsüz taşıtlar, Otopark kullanımı, Paylaşımlı araçlar, Kentsel ulaşım, Kentsel arazi kullanımı

THE EFFECTS OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES AND THEIR SHARED USE ON PARKING AND LAND USES IN URBAN AREAS

Although recent studies on autonomous vehicles and their shared use have explored the traffic, cost, and environmental impacts of this technology, little is known about how these vehicles can change urban space and urban forms, particularly with its impact on urban land uses by reducing parking demand. Autonomous vehicles are computer-controlled; they can pick up passengers from one point and drop them off at another, and then select parking spaces from remote locations. In addition to the many advantages of self-parking, it is anticipated that this will create a different parking demand from human drivers. This study evaluated how autonomous vehicles and shared use will affect the parking lot supply and demand and the possible effects of the changing land use on the city. According to the findings of the study, it can be expected that when autonomous vehicles are shared, they can reduce the demand for parking, enable more efficient use of existing parking spaces, and accordingly, decrease the number of parking spaces and roadside parking in the city center. Thus, in the city centers where it is difficult to find new areas and where the rent is high, the acquired areas can be used to improve the quality of life of the citizens through social and recreational uses. In addition, fairer and equal transportation opportunities and more accessible cities can be offered to the citizens. However, when the right policies are not followed, demand may cause congestion in the city center, leading to denser city centers, which can trigger urban sprawl, and therefore result in the destruction of uninhabited natural areas and new infrastructure costs imposed on the citizens.

Keywords:

Autonomous vehicles, Parking use, Shared vehicles, Urban transportation, Urban land use,

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