Simüle Edilmiş Elle Elma Hasadının 3 Boyutlu Hareket Analizi ile Ergonomik Değerlendirmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışmada elle elma hasadındaki ergonomik etkilenmelerin ortaya konulması için 3 boyutlu hareket analizi sisteminin kullanılabilirliğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Materyal ve Metot: Çalışma, ATB (Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy, Potsdam-Almanya) enstitüsü ergonomi laboratuarında yapay cüce elma ağacı ile yürütülmüştür. Beden duruşları, özellikle üst kol yükselmesi 3 boyulu hareket analizi sistemi kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. Değerlendirmeler ISO 11226 standardı ve RULA ölçeğine göre yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Ortalama üst kol yükselmesinin 27.86°ve 33.60°arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir. Standartlar tarafından temel kısıt olarak belirlenen 20°nin üzerinde yükselmiş kol ile geçirilen süreler tüm denemeler için önemli bulunmuş ve işlem zamanının ortalama %77 sini oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. 8 saatlik bir çalışma süresinde 5-6 saatin kolların 20°den daha yüksekte olacak şekilde harcandığı tahmin edilmektedir. Sonuç: Gözlemsel yöntemlere göre çok daha detaylı sonuçlar elde edilmiştir. Bu yöntem zaman aralıklarına bağlı olarak kol pozisyonlarına ilişkin kesin değerler alınmasını sağlamaktadır. Bu sistem vücut ve baş eğilmesi gibi biçimsiz çalışma duruşlarının değerlendirilmesi için elma toplama dışında herhangi bir iş düzeni için de kullanılabilir nitelikte bulunmuştur.

Ergonomic Evaluation of Simulated Apple Hand Harvesting Using 3D Motion Analysis

Objective: The objective of this study was to conduct experiments by using 3D motionanalysis system to reveal ergonomic exposures during apple hand picking.Material and Method: The study was carried out in the ergonomics laboratory locatedat ATB (Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering and Bioeconomy Potsdam e.V.)in Germany with an artificial dwarf apple tree. Body postures, especially upper armelevation, were determined by a 3D motion capture system. Evaluations were madeaccording to ISO 11226 standard and RULA classification.Results: Average upper arm elevation changed between 27.86° and 33.60°. Timespent with elevated arm above 200, the base limit suggested by standards was foundto be significant for entire experiments as 77% on average of the process time. It wasestimated that 5 to 6 hours within 8 hour shifts per day may be spend with elevatedarms more than 20°.Conclusions: More detailed information was obtained in comparison to observationalmethods. This technique allows to determine the exact values of the arm positionsdepending on time intervals. It can also be used to find out other awkward posturessuch as trunk and head inclination and for any other work process.

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