Metamorfik Hormonlar, Oluşumları ve Böcek Başkalaşımındaki Rolleri

İki metamorfik hormon (juvenil hormon (JH) ve 20 hidroksiekdizon (20E)) başkalaşımda görevlidir. Bu iki hormon dışında krüppel homolog 1, broad compleks (Br-c), E93 genleri ile methoprene tolerant (met) juvenil hormon reseptörü olarak başkalaşımda rol almaktadır. Ekdizon diğer adıyla metamorfoz hormonu, protorasik bezden salgılandıktan sonra epidermis, orta barsak, malpigi tüpleri gibi periferal dokularda oksitlenerek 20 hidroksiekdizon’a dönüştürülür. 20 hidroksiekdizon, yumurtadan ergine kadar tüm biyolojik dönem geçişlerini tetiklerken, corpora allatadan (ca) salgılanan juvenil hormon başkalaşımı yavaşlatmaktadır. Juvenil hormonun başkalaşımı önleyen etkisi krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1) geninin aracılığıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Hemimetabol böceklerde sondan bir önceki nimf döneminde krüppel homolog1 miktarının azalması prematüre ergin gelişimine neden olurken, holometabol böceklerde ise prematüre pupa oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) ve R. prolixus türlerinin son dönem nimflerinde krüppel homolog1 miktarının azalıp, E93 miktarının artmasıyla nimf döneminden ergine geçişin gerçekleştiği kaydedilmiştir. E93, etkisi Kr-h1 tarafından engellenen hipostatik bir gendir. Ayrıca E93 geninin Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophiliidae) ’de otofaji ve programlı hücre ölümünde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Metamorfik bir gen olan broad compleks (Br-c), hemimetabol türlerde imaginal disklerin oluşumu, holometabol türlerde ise pupal gelişim için gereklidir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Broad compleks, hidroksiekdizon, , Juvenil hormon, , Krüppel Homolog1, , metamorfoz,

Metamorphic Hormones Formations and Roles of Insect Metamorphosis

Two basic methamorpic hormones (juvenile hormone and 20 hydroxyecdyzone) are involved the metamorphosis. Apart from this two hormones, krüppel homolog 1, broad compleks, E93 genes and juvenil hormone reseptör -methoprene tolerant are involved the metamorphosis. Ecdysone is secreted from the protoracic gland and it is oxidized in peripheral tissues such as epidermis, middle bowel and malpighian tubes and converted into 20 hydroxyecdyzone. While 20 hydroxyecdyzone triggers all biological period transitions from egg to adult, juvenile hormone which is secreted from corpora allata prevents metamorphosis. The anti-metamorphic effect of juvenile hormone is mediated by krüppel homolog1. Decrease in the amount of krüppel homolog1 in the penultimate period in hemimetabola insects causes premature adult development, while in holometabola insects it causes premature pupa formation. In the last period nymphs of Blattella germanica (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) and Rhodnius prolixus (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) it was recorded that the titer of krüppel homolog1 decreased and the titer of E93 increased. E93 effect is the hypostatic gene blocked by Kr-h1. In addition, E93 has been found to be effective in autophagy and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophiliidae). Broad complex gene is require for the formation of imaginal discs in hemimetabola species, on the other hand in pupal commitment in holometabola species.

Keywords:

Juvenil hormon, , krüppel homolog1 , broad complex, , , metamorphosis, , , 20E, ,

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