Metamorfoz hormonları, oluşumları ve böcek başkalaşımındaki rolleri

Başkalaşımda görevli olan iki metamorfoz hormonu (juvenil hormon (JH) ve 20 hidroksiekdizon (20E)’dur. Bu iki hormon dışında krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1), broad compleks (Br-c), E93 genleri ile methoprene tolerant (Met) juvenil hormon reseptörü olarak başkalaşımda rol almaktadır. Ekdizon diğer adıyla metamorfoz hormonu, protorasik bezden salgılandıktan sonra epidermis, orta barsak, Malpigi tüpleri gibi periferal dokularda oksitlenerek 20E hormonuna dönüştürülür. 20 hidroksiekdizon, yumurtadan ergine kadar tüm biyolojik dönem geçişlerini tetiklerken, corpora allata (ca)’dan salgılanan juvenil hormon başkalaşımı yavaşlatmaktadır. Juvenil hormonun başkalaşımı önleyen etkisi Kr-h1 geninin aracılığıyla gerçekleşmektedir. Hemimetabol böceklerde sondan bir önceki nimf döneminde Kr-h1 miktarının azalması prematüre ergin gelişimine neden olurken, holometabol böceklerde ise prematüre pupa oluşumuna neden olmaktadır. Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) ve Rhadnius prolixus Stål. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) türlerinin son dönem nimflerinde Kr-h1 miktarının azalıp, E93 miktarının artmasıyla nimf döneminden ergine geçişin gerçekleştiği kaydedilmiştir. E93, etkisi Kr-h1 tarafından engellenen hipostatik bir gendir. Ayrıca E93 geninin Drosophila melanogaster Meig. (Diptera: Drosophilidae)’de otofaji ve programlı hücre ölümünde etkili olduğu saptanmıştır. Metamorfoz etkili bir gen olan Br-c, hemimetabol türlerde imaginal disklerin oluşumu, holometabol türlerde ise pupa gelişimi için gereklidir.

Metamorphosis hormones formations and roles of insect metamorphosis

Two basic methamorphic hormones (juvenile hormone (JH) and 20 hydroxyecdyzone (20E) are involved in metamorphosis. Apart from these two hormones, krüppel homolog1 (Kr-h1), broad compleks (Br-c), E93 genes, and methoprene tolerant (Met) play key roles as juvenile hormone receptor in metamorphosis. Ecdysone, also known as metamorphosis hormone, is being converted into 20E hormone by oxidizing in peripheral tissues such as epidermis, midgut and Malpighian tubules after it is secreted from the prothoracic gland. While 20 hidroksiekdizon triggers all biological stage transitions from egg to adult, juvenile hormone secreted from corpora allata (ca) slows down the metamorphosis. The anti-metamorphic effect of juvenile hormone is mediated by Kr-h1 gene. While the decrease in the amount of Kr-h1 in the penultimate nymph period in hemimetabol insects causes premature adult development, it induces premature pupa formation in the holometabolous insects. In the last nymphal stage of Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) and Rhodnius prolixus Stål. (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), it was reported that the transition from the nymph period to the adult was realized in the result of decreasing the amount of Kr-h1 and increasing the amount of E93. E93 effect is the hypostatic gene blocked by Kr-h1. In addition, E93 was found to be effective in autophagy and apoptosis in Drosophila melanogaster Meig. (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Br-c gene with metamorphosis, is require

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