KAN DONASYONUNDA VAZOVAGAL REAKSİYONLAR VE GÜVENLİĞİ GELİŞTİRMEK: MEVCUT ARAŞTIRMALAR

Tam kan donasyonunun güvenli olduğu düşünülür, fakat bazen kan alırken veya kan alma işleminin sonunda değişik şiddette istenmeyen reaksiyonlar oluşabilir. Vazovagal reaksiyon, kan donasyonuna ilişkin en yaygın görülen istenmeyen olaylardan biridir. Kan donasyonu sırasında vazovagal semptomları deneyimleme, daha sonraki donasyonların olasılığını anlamlı derecede azaltır. Vazovagal reaksiyon, bilinç kaybına kadar ilerleyebilen anksiyete, baş dönmesi, ve bulantı ile birlikte genel bir rahatsızlık ve halsizlik duygusudur. Psikolojik etmenler ve alınan kan miktarının neden olduğu nispi hipovolemi ile artabilen vazovagal reaksiyona parasempatik sinir sistemi neden olur. Vazovagal reaksiyonun semptomları, hafif başağrısı ve baş dönmesinden tam bayılmaya kadar sıralanabilir. Donasyon yeri, demografik etmenler, ilk kez veya tekrarlı donör olma, alınan kan miktarı, psikolojik etmenler vazovagal reaksiyon görülme oranını etkileyen bazı etmenlerdir. Donasyon öncesi sıvı verme, donasyon sırasında bacakları çaprazlama ve kasları germe ile ağızdan tuz takviyesi, vazovagal semptomları azaltan tekniklerdir. Kan donörünün güvenliği çok önemlidir. Hemşireler risk grubunda olan bireylerde senkopu önlemeye katkıda bulunabilirler. Daha önce vazovagal senkop geçiren bireyler; sıcak zamanlarda yetersiz sıvı alımı, uzun sure ayakta hareketsiz kalma, gibi tetikleyicilerden kaçınma konusunda eğitilmelidir. Bireylerin öncül bulguları tanıması sağlanıp bu bulguları hissettiğinde bir yere uzanması, ya da kısa kısa öksürmesi önerilebilir. Bu yolla beyin perfüzyonunun devamlılığı sağlanabilir. Hasta başdönmesinden yakınıyorsa veya senkop riski taşıyorsa, sıvı volümü ve nabız düzensizlikleri yönünde izlenir. Bu makalede kan donasyonu sırasında oluşan vazovagal reaksiyon, belirti ve semptomları ve onların önlenmesine yardım edebilecek uygulamalar sunulmuştur

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Vazovagal reaksiyon, kan donasyonu, donor, bayılma

VASOVAGAL REACTIONS OFBLOOD DONATIONANDIMPROVING THESAFETY: CURRENT RESEARCH

1/1/hole blood donation is considered safe, but occasionally adverse reactions ofvarying severity may occur during or at the end o fthe blood collection. Vasovagal reaction is a very common advers events related to blood donation. A vasovagal reaction is a general feeling o f discomfort and vveakness with anxiety, dizziness and nausea, which may progress to loss o f consciousness. The vasovagal reaction is caused by the parasympathetic nervous system, which can be further augmented by psychological factors, and the volüme o f blood removed causing relative hypovolemia. The symptoms o f vasovagal reaction range from light headache and dizziness to fullout fainting. Site o f donation, demographic factors, first time versus repeated donors, volüme o f blood collected, psychological factors a re some factors affecting frequency o f vasovagal reactions. Experience o f vasovagal symptoms during blood donation significantly reduces the change o f subsequent donation. Predonation hydration, leg Crossing and applied muscle tension during donation, and nutritional salt supplementation are techniques that reduce the occurence o f vasovagal symptoms. The safety o f blood donor is o f prime importance. Nurses can contribute to preventing syncope in those who are at high risk for it. Individuals suffering from vasovagal syncope previously, should educate about avoidance from triggers such as inadequate fluid intake at the hot times, exercise in a warm environment. To recognizing the preliminary findings o f individuals should obtained and when these feel these findings should been extended to a place or coughing briefly can recommended. in this way brain perfusion continuity can be achieved. When a patients reports dizziness or is at risk o f syncope, assess fluid volüme status and check the pulse for irregulatories. İn this article symptoms o f vasovagal reaction occurring during blood donation, signs and symptoms, and the practices which would help to prevent them have been presented

Keywords:

Vasovagal reaction, blood donation, donor, fainting,

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