Fotovoltaik-Termoelektrik Hibrit Güç Üretim Sistemlerinde Son Gelişmeler

Fotovoltaik (PV) modüllerin en küçük birimini oluşturan güneş gözeleri güneş enerjisini doğrudan elektriğe dönüştürürler. Ancak dönüştürülen elektrik enerjisi gelen enerjisinin %13 ile %20’si arasında değişmektedir. Gelen güneş enerjisinin bir kısmı geri yansımakta geri kalanı ise termal enerjiye dönüşmektedir. Bu nedenle PV modül sıcaklıkları yükselmekte ve PV modüllerin verimleri düşmektedir. Güneş enerjisinden üretilen gücü arttırmanın yollarından biri PV modül sıcaklığını termoelektrik (TE) jeneratörler yardımıyla elektrik enerjisine dönüştürmektir. Bu çalışmada PV – TE güç üretim sistemlerinde yapılan seksen farklı literatür çalışması derlenmiştir. PV-TE sistemler beş grupta sınıflandırılmıştır. Bunlar geleneksel, yoğunlaştırmalı, faz değiştiren malzeme entegreli, ekonomik değerlendirmeler ile güç düzenleme ve kaydetme birimleridir. Özetle geleneksel PV-TE sistemlerdeki sıcaklık ve güç sınırlamalarını ortadan kaldırmak için yoğunlaştırılmış sistemlere geçiş olduğu görülmekle birlikte ve yeni teknikler geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. PV-TE sistemlerin performansı geleneksel PV sistemlerden iyi olsa bile TE modül maliyetinin yüksek olması ve düşük verimliliği bu sistemlerin rekabetçi olmasını kısıtlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Güneş Enerjisi, Fotovoltaik, Termoelektrik, Güç Üretimi

Recent Developments of Photovoltaic-Thermoelectric Hybrid Power Generation Systems

Solar cells directly convert solar energy into electricity and are small unit of photovoltaic (PV) modules. However, energy conversion changes between 13% and 20% from solar energy. Incoming solar energy reflects from the surface and the rest of the solar energy converts to thermal energy. So, PV module temperature rises and efficiency decreases. Ones of the increasing of electricity from solar energy is utilization of PV module temperature together with thermoelectric (TE) generators. In this study, eighty different publications in literature were reviewed about PV-TE hybrid power generation systems. PV-TE system was classified in five groups. These are conventional, concentrated, phase change material integrated, economic perspectives and power conditioning units. In briefly, concentrated PV-TE system is alternative to remove of the temperature and power limitations of conventional PV-TE system and try to novel techniques of these limitations. However, even if PV-TE system performance is better than conventional PV system, high costs and low efficiency TE modules are restricted to competitive becoming of PV-TE systems.

Keywords:

Solar Energy, Photovoltaic, Thermoelectric, Hybrid Power Generation,

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