5 Yıllık Kalkınma Planları ve Yasal Düzenlemeler Çerçevesinde Çin’in Yenilenebilir Enerji Politikaları

Çin, son 20 yılda yenilenebilir enerji alanında en kapsamlı gelişimi sağlayan ülkelerin başında gelmektedir. Özellikle 1986’daki enerji politikalarındaki değişim ile birlikte bölgesel yönetimde ya da yerel yönetimlerde yer alan aktörler, yerli ve yabancı şirketler enerji yatırımları için cesaretlendirilmişlerdir. Ancak stratejik bir alan olan enerjide bürokratik kontrol her zaman üst düzeyde tutulmuştur. Bu nedenle yenilenebilir enerji atılımında Politbüro, Devlet Konseyi, Milli Enerji Kaynakları Öncü Grubu, SASAC gibi kurumların yenilenebilir enerji hedefleri son derece kritik öneme sahiptir. Bu hedeflerin gerçekleşmesi içinse 5 Yıllık Kalkınma Planları ve yenilenebilir enerji alanında geçirilen yasalar itici gücü oluşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada son yirmi yıldaki 5 yıllık kalkınma planları ve yasal düzenlemelere değinilerek hangi politik adımların yenilenebilir enerji gelişimine ivme kazandırdığı incelenmiştir. Siyaset bilimi yaklaşımlarından kurumsal çalışmalar (institutional studies) yaklaşımı çerçevesinde sorunlar ele alınmıştır. Bu yaklaşımda araştırma konusu yasalar, prosedürler, formel organizasyonlar ve bu düzenlemelerin politik pratikteki etkileridir. Kurumsal çalışmaların genelinden farklı olarak tümdengelim (deductive) modeliyle yenilenebilir enerji politikaları incelenmiştir. Kurumsal yaklaşımla ele alınan konular tarihsel karşılaştırmalı (historical comparative) yöntem ile incelenmiştir. Tarihsel karşılaştırmalı yönteme içkin olan ithal yansıtma (import mirror) yaklaşımı bu çalışmada ana yöntem olarak benimsenmiştir Bu çalışmanın amacı yenilenebilir enerji kullanımını dikkate değer bir oranda arttıran ve diğer birçok ülkeden olumlu yönde ayrışan Çin’in kalkınma planlarına ve yasal düzenlemelerine odaklanarak bu ivmeyi nasıl yakaladığının araştırılmasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çin, Yenilenebilir Enerji Politikaları, Kalkınma Planları

China's Renewable Energy Policies in the Framework of 5 Years Development Plans and Legal Regulations

China is one of the countries that has achieved the most comprehensive development in the field of renewable energy in the last 20 years. Especially with the change in energy policies in 1986, domestic and foreign companies have been encouraged to invest in energy by the actors in regional or local administrations. However, in energy, which is a strategic area, bureaucratic control has always been kept at a high level. Therefore; renewable energy targets of institutions such as Politburo, State Council, National Energy Resources Pioneering Group and SASAC have critical importance in the renewable energy breakthrough. For the realization of these targets, the 5-Year Development Plans and the laws passed in the field of renewable energy have been the driving force. In this study, it is examined which political steps accelerated the development of renewable energy by referring to the 5-year development plans and legal regulations in the last twenty years. Problems are discussed within the framework of the institutional studies approach, which is one of the political science approaches. In this approach, the subject of research is laws, procedures, formal organizations and the effects of these regulations in political practice. Unlike the general institutional studies, renewable energy policies are examined with the deductive model. The subjects handled with the institutional approach are examined with the historical comparative method. The import projection approach, which is inherent in the historical comparative method, is adopted as the main method in this study. The aim of this study is to investigate how China, which has increased the use of renewable energy at a remarkable rate and differed positively from many other countries, has achieved this momentum by focusing on its development plans and legal regulations.

Keywords:

China, Renewable Energy Policies, Development Plans,

PDF

___

Ball, J. (2019) Grow Green China Inc. How China’s epic push for cleaner energy creates economic opportunity for the West, Brookings, ss. 1-22.
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China. (2016) The 13th Five-Year Plan for Economic and Social Development of the People’s Republic Of China, ss.1-219.
CRS. (2019). Accelerating Corporate Renewable Energy Engagement in China, ss.1-24.
Dinghuan, S. (2000). China “Tenth Five-year” Plan on the Renewable Energy Research and Development, Department of High and New Technology and Industrialization, Ministery of Science and Technology of China, , ss.1-6.
Gosens, J., Kåberger, T., & Wang, Y. (2017). China's next renewable energy revolution: goals and mechanisms in the 13th Five Year Plan for energy. Energy Science & Engineering, 5(3), 141-155.
Liu, J. (2019). China's renewable energy law and policy: A critical review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 99, 212-219.
Liu, M-. M., Henry M., Haifeng H. (2014) Renewable Energy in China: Towards a Green Economy, Vol.1, Enrich Professional Publishing, Singapore, ss.1-347.
MOFCOM. (2013, 21 October). Renewable Energy Law of the People's Republic of China. Retrieved from http://english.mofcom.gov.cn/article/policyrelease/Businessregulations/ 201312/ 20131200432160.shtml.
NDRC. (2016) The Energy Supply and Consumption Revolution Strategy (2016-2030), , ss.1-44.
NDRC. (2016). Notice on the publication of the 13th Five Year Plan for the development of renewable energy by the National Development and Reform Commission, ss.1-38.
NEA. (2011). National Energy Technology "Twelfth Five-Year Plan” (2011-2015), ss.1-78.
NEA. (2012) The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Solar Power Development, ss.1-20.
NPC. (2012) Outline of 12FYP Draft, ss.1-74.
Schuman, S., & Lin, A. (2012). China's Renewable Energy Law and its impact on renewable power in China: Progress, challenges and recommendations for improving implementation. Energy Policy, 51, 89-109.
State Council of China. (2006). Guidelines of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development, ss.1-59.
Ye, Q. (2013) Chinese Research Perspective on the Environment, Special Volume, Annual Rewiev of Low-Carbon Development in China (2013), Brill, ss.1-464.
Zhang, L., Qin, Q., & Wei, Y. M. (2019). China's distributed energy policies: Evolution, instruments and recommendation. Energy Policy, 125, 55-64.