DELHİ TÜRK SULTANLIĞI SARAYINDA CAYİN BİR ÂLİM: ṬHAKKURA PHERŪ VE ESERLERİ

Yönetici elitleri Müslüman Türk kültürünün taşıyıcısı ve uygulayıcı olan Delhi Sultanlığı, Orta Çağ Hindistan’ında çok kültürlü bir dünya içerisinde kurulmuştur. Ancak ağırlıklı olarak Farsça yazılmış birincil kaynakları çoğunlukla bu kozmopolitliği yeterince ve doğru yansıtmamaktadır. Hint dillerindeki kaynakları ise kendine özgü anlatı gelenekleri nedeniyle farklı problemlere sahiptir. Bu nedenle sultanlığın Cayin tebaası ve onlar tarafından yazılmış eserler Delhi Türk Sultanlığı’nın toplumsal yapısı ile devletin gayrimüslimlerle ilişkilerini anlamada son derece önem arz etmektedir. Delhi sarayının hazine dairesinden uzun yıllar ayarcı olarak görev yapan sultanlığın tanınmış Cayin âlimlerinden Ṭhakkura Pherū’nun hayatı ve eserleri bu açıdan oldukça zengin bilgiler içermektedir. Bilgili bir sarraf ve tüccar olarak eserlerinde XIII. yüzyılın sonları XIV. yüzyılın başlarında Kuzey Hindistan’da kullanılan ölçülere, sikkelere ve değerli taşlara geniş yer verir. Çalışmalarındaki mezkur bilgiler Delhi Türk Sultanlığı’nın ve Hindistan alt kıtasının orta çağları için en önemli nümismatik ve ekonomik göstergeler olarak değerlendirilmektedir. Ayrıca Ṭhakkura Pherū’nun hayatı ve eserlerinde himayedârları kullandığı yüceltici unvanlar Delhi sultanlarının gayrimüslim tebaa ile ilişkilerinin Farsça kaynaklarda hiç değinilmeyen yönlerini keşfetmemize olanak sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Delhi Türk Sultanlığı, Ṭhakkura Pherū, Halacîler, Tuğlukşahlar, Bilim Tarihi

A JAIN SCHOLAR AT THE COURT OF THE TURKISH SULTANATE OF DELHI: ṬHAKKURA PHERŪ AND HIS WORKS

The Delhi Sultanate, whose ruling elites are the bearers and practitioners of Muslim Turkish culture, was established in a multicultural habitat in Medieval India. However, the primary sources, by a majority of Persian, do not adequately and accurately reflect this cosmopolitanism. On the other hand, its primary sources in Indic languages have different problems due to their exceptional narrative traditions. For this reason, the Jain subjects of the sultanate and the works written by them are critical in understanding the Delhi Sultanate's social structure and the state's relations with non-Muslims. The life and works of Ṭhakkura Pherū, one of the eminent Jain scholars of the sultanate who served as an assayer from the treasury office of the Delhi palace for many years, contain prosperous information in this respect. He gives wide coverage to measures, coins, and gemstones utilised in North India in the late 13th and early 14th centuries in his works as a well-informed money changer and merchant. Crop rates of twenty-five different agricultural products such as wheat and barley and their taxation system are other crucial issues in her works. The information mentioned in his studies is considered the most critical numismatic and economic indicators of the Delhi Turkish Sultanate and the medieval period of the Indian subcontinent. Moreover, Ṭhakkura Pherū's life and the honorific titles he used for royal patrons in his works allow us to explore the aspects of the relations of the Delhi sultans with their non-Muslim subjects that have never been mentioned in Persian sources.

Keywords:

Delhi Turkish Sultanate, ṬHAKKURA PHERŪ, Khaljīs, Tughluqids, History of Science,

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