___

• Alba, R. D. 2005. Bright vs. blurred boundaries: second generation assimilation and exclusion in France, Germany and the United States. The Ethnic and Racial Studies 28 (1):20-49.
• Anil, M. 2007. Explaining the Naturalisation Practices of Turks in Germany in the Wake of the Citizenship Reform of 1999. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33 (8):1363 - 1376.
• Argun, B. E. 2003. Turkey in Germany: The Transnational Sphere of Deutschkei. New York: Routledge.
• Avcı, G. 2005. Religion, Transnationalism and Turks in Europe. Turkish Studies 6 (2):201 - 213.
• ———. 2006. Comparing Integration Policies and Outcomes: Turks in the Netherlands and Germany. Turkish Studies 7 (1):67 - 84.
• Coenders, M., and P. Scheepers. 2008. Changes in Resistance to the Social Integration of Foreigners in Germany 1980-2000: Individual and Contextual Determinants. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 34 (1):1 - 26.
• Cornell, S. E., and D. Hartmann. 1998. Ethnicity and Race: Making Identities in a Changing World, Sociology for a New Century. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Pine Forge Press.
• Crul, M. 2007. Pathways to Success for the Second Generation in Europe. Migration Information Center 2007 [cited November 23 2007]. Available from http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?ID=592.
• Jackson, P., and J. Penrose. 1994. Constructions of Race, Place, and Nation. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
• Kaya, A. 2005a. Citizenship and the hyphenated Germans: German-Turks. In Citizenship and Identity in a Globalizing World: European Questions and Turkish Experiences, eds. F. Keyman and A. İçduygu. London: Routledge.
• ———. 2005b. Recoding Europeanness: A comparative study of German-Turks and French- Turks. HAGAR Studies in Culture, Polity and Identities 6 (1):87-117.
• Kaya, I. 2004. Turkish American Immigration History and Identity Formations. the Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 24 (2):295-208.
• ———. 2005c. Identity and Space: The Case of Turkish Americans. Geographical Review 95 (3):425-440.
• Kirisci, K. 2007. Turkey: A Transformation from Emigration to Immigration. Migration Information Center 2003 [cited November 23 2007]. Available from http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=176.
• Lucassen, J., and L. Lucassen. 1997. Migration, migration history, history: old paradigms and new perspectives, International and comparative social history, 4. Bern; New York: Peter Lang.
• Lucassen, L. 2005. The immigrant threat: the integration of old and new migrants in western Europe since 1850, Studies of world migrations. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
• Lucassen, L., D. Feldman, and J. Oltmer. 2006. Paths of integration: migrants in Western Europe (1880-2004), IMISCOE research. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
• Manco, U. 2007. Turks in Europe: From A Garbled Image to The Complexity of Migrant Social Reality http://www.flwi.ugent.be/cie/umanco/umanco5.htm. [cited 23 November 2007]. Available from
• Oezcan, V. 2007. Fewer Ethnic Germans Immigrating to Ancestral Homeland. Migration Information Center 2004 [cited November 23 2007]. Available from http://www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=201.
• Pécoud, A. 2003. Self-Employment and Immigrants' Incorporation: The Case of Turks in Germany. Immigrants & Minorities 22 (2):247 - 261.
• Razum, O., N. Sahin-Hodoglugil, and K. Polit. 2005. Health, Wealth or Family Ties? Why Turkish Work Migrants Return from Germany. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31 (4):719 - 739.
• Söhn, J., and V. Özcan. 2006. The Educational Attainment of Turkish Migrants in Germany. Turkish Studies 7 (1):101-124.
• Strüder, I. 2003. Self-employed Turkish-speaking women in London: Opportunities and constraints within and beyond the ethnic economy. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 4 (2):185-195.
• Timmerman, C. 2006. Gender Dynamics in the Context of Turkish Marriage Migration: The Case of Belgium. Turkish Studies 7 (1):125 - 143.
• Van Londen, M., K. Phalet, and L. Hagendoorn. 2007. Civic Engagement and Voter Participation among Turkish and Moroccan Minorities in Rotterdam. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33 (8):1201 - 1226.
• Van Tubergen, F. 2007. Religious Affiliation and Participation among Immigrants in a Secular Society: A Study of Immigrants in The Netherlands. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 33 (5):747 - 765.
• Yazarsız. 2003. Gurbetçilerin üçte biri AB’li. Zaman, 08 Aralık.
• Yurdakul, G. 2006. State, Political Parties and Immigrant Elites: Turkish Immigrant Associations in Berlin. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 32 (3):435 - 453.