Ekonomik Kalkınmadan Ekolojik Felaketlere: Çin’in Kuşak-Yol İnisiyatifinin Merkezi Asya’ya Olası Çevresel Etkileri

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Merkezi Asya’daki su sorunlarını Aral Gölü’nün çölleşme süreci üzerinden açıklamak, bunun yanında Çin’in girişimleriyle ortaya çıkan Kuşak Yol projesinin bölgedeki ekolojik sorunları daha da derinleştirme riski taşıdığını, Yeşil Teori’nin perspektifiyle ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla, çalışmanın ilk bölümünde Yeşil teori ve temel varsayımları üzerinde durulacaktır. Yeşil teorinin ekonomik ve siyasi olarak üzerinde durduğu temel prensipler açıklanarak, Merkezi Asya’daki çevre sorunlarının bu teorik perspektifle analiz edilmesinin önü açılacaktır. Ardından, Sovyetler Birliği’nin ekonomik büyümeyi amaçlayan devlet merkezli politikaları sonucunda Merkezi Asya’da ortaya çıkan ekolojik problemlere yer verilecektir. Çalışmanın son bölümünde ise, bir başka ekonomik büyüme ve devlet merkezli proje olan Çin’in Kuşak-Yol projesi temel prensipleriyle açıklanacak, projenin ekonomik büyümeyi sağlarken sebep olabileceği ekolojik felaketlere değinilecektir. Sonuç olarak, geçmişte Sovyetler Birliği’nin bölgenin ekolojik güvenliğine verdiği onarılması imkânsız tahribatın, günümüzde de Çin’in başrolünde olduğu bir ekonomik proje sonucunda tekrarlanabileceği sonucuna varılacaktır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Yeşil Teori, Aral Gölü, Su Sorunları, Kuşak-Yol Projesi, Çin

From Economic Development to Ecological Disaster: Possible Environmental Consequences of China’s Belt-Road İnitiative on Central Asia

The aim of this study is to analyze the draining of the Aral Sea and failed international cooperation efforts within the context of the Green Theory. Moreover, the study also aims to reveal that the Belt and the Road Initiative, led by China, can deepen the region's ecological problems in the upcoming years. For this purpose, Green Political Theory and its basic assumptions will be examined in the first chapter. Explaining the green theory's main pillars will help us understand Central Asia's environmental problems from an ecological perspective. Then, the reasons for the draining of the Aral Sea and the damaging effects of state-based policies will be set forth. In the following chapter, China's Belt-Road project, which is another economic growth and state-centered project, will be explained with its fundamental principles, and the ecological disasters that the project may cause will be mentioned. As a result, it will be concluded that the irreparable ecological damage inflicted by the Soviet Union can be replicated as a result of the Belt and the Road Initiative of China.

Keywords:

Aral Sea, Green Theory, Water Scarcity, BRI, China,

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