Sahnedeki yitim: Vahşi Batı

Sam Shepard ın Vahş i Batı (1981) adlı oyunu ele ştirmenler tarafından çoğunlukla iki karde ş arasındaki farklılıkların çatış masını sahneleyen bir oyun olarak de ğerlendirilmiştir. Oyunun dramatik yapıs ı bu çelişen yanlara ve karakterlerin dönüşümlerine bağlı olsa da, oyun aynı ölçüde babanın yokluğu ve aile birliğinin bozulması ile gelen yitim duygusunun yarattığı melankolik özlemi aç ığa çıkarmaktadır. Bireysel düzlemde gerçekle şen bu melankolik özlem, aynı zamanda modern dönemde sanayile şme ve şehirle şmeyle beraber Batı kavram ında olduğu gibi ulusal ideallerin geçerliğini kaybetmesiyle yaşanan yitimle benötesi düzlemde de gözlemlenebilir. Batı kavram ına yüklenen söylenceler ilk kurulduğu yıllarda Avrupalı yerle şimcileri tarafından Amerika kıta doğasına ve yeni bir ulus olarak Amerika Birle şik Devletlerine atfedilen cennet olma idealinin yitimi ile ulusal bağlamda dikkate alındığında önem kazanmaktadır. Bireysel ve ulusal düzlemi birbirine paralel tutan yitim duygusu, oyundaki iki karde şin bilinçdışında bastırdıkları duyguları tı pkı bir psikanaliz sürecinde olduğu gibi konuşmalar ve eyleme dökme ile ön plana çıkarmasıyla somutlaşmaktadır. Buradan hareketle, bu çalış ma oyunda babanın kaybı yla yaşanan yitimi ve melankolik özlemi ortaya koyan diyalogları bir edebiyat kuram ı olarak edebi metin çözümlemelerinde eleştirel perspektifler sunan psikanalitik yöntem çerçevesinde tartış mayı amaçlamaktadır.

Loss on the Stage: True West

True West (1981) by Sam Shepard has been mostly reviewed as the theatricalization of conflicts arising from the differences between two brothers. Although the dramatic structure of the play rests on these clashing sides and transformations of the characters, the play equally unveils a melancholia triggered by the loss of the absent father and family unity. This melancholia can also be discerned on the transpersonal level in the loss of national ideals like mythic West after modern urbanization and industrialization. The mythic ideals threaded around the West gain more significance when considered in national context through the loss of ideal of paradise attributed by the European settlers to the American landscape and the United States of America as a burgeoning nation. Paralleling the personal and transpersonal levels, the feeling of loss is materialized in the acting out of repressed elements and through dialogues the two brothers have as if in a psychoanalytic session. This study hence aims to discuss the loss and melancholia embedded in these dialogues in light of psychoanalytic theory which offers critical perspectives in literary textual analyses.

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