Romatoid artritte anemi sıklığı ve patogenezi

AMAÇ: Romatoid artrit (RA), kronik ve inflamatuvar bir hastalıktır. Anemi, RA'da sık olarak gözlenmektedir. Bu çalışmada, RA'lı hastalarımızda aneminin sıklığını ve nedenlerini araştırmayı amaçladık. YÖNTEM: Çalışmaya 108 RA'lı hasta ile 25 sağlıklı kontrol alındı. Tüm hastaların klinik olarak fonksiyonel durumları, hastalık aktivitesi, uygulanan tedavi, gastrointestinal sistem kanama öyküsü sorgulandı. Hasta ve kontrol grubunun laboratuvar tetkikleri olarak tam kan sayımı, retikülosit oranı, periferik yayma, eritrosit sedimentasyon hızı (ESH), serum demiri, total demir bağlama kapasitesi, ferritin, direk coombs testi, vitamin B12, folik asit ve eritropoetin (EPO) düzeyleri, antiparietal hücre antikoru (APA), anti- intrensek faktör antikoru (İFA) ve gaytada gizli kan incelendi. SONUÇ: RA'lı olguların %60'mda anemi saptandı. Bunun %30.5'ini kronik hastalık anemisi (KHA), %25.9'unu demir eksikliği anemisi, %2.7'sini talasemi minör, %0.9'unu megaloblastik anemi oluşturdu. Kadınlarda anemi erkeklere oranla daha sık idi (p=0.01). Anemisi olan ve olmayan RA'lılann yaşları veya,hastalık süreleri arasında fark saptanmadı (herbiri için p>0.05). Demir eksikliği anemisi ve KHA olan grubun ESH düzeyleri, anemisi olmayan gruba göre daha yüksek idi (p< 0.05). Demir eksikliği anemisi olan grubun ferritin düzeyleri, KHA olan ve anemisi olmayan gruba göre daha düşük idi (herbiri için p0.05). RA'lı olguların tümünde direk coombs testi negatif idi. Anemisi olan RA'lılann EPO düzeyi, anemisi olmayan RA'lılarınkinden istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark oluşturmayacak şekilde yüksek idi (p>0.05) ancak sağlıklı kontrollerden anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu (p=0.01). YORUM: RA'da anemi sıklıkla görülmektedir. Aneminin en sık nedenleri, KHA ve demir eksikliğidir. Anemisi olan RA olgularının EPO düzeylerinde beklenen kadar bir yükselmenin olmaması, RA'lılarda EPO tedavisinin bir seçenek olabileceğini düşündürebilir.

Frequency and pathogenesis of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic and inflammatory disease in which anemiais frequently observed. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the frequency and ethiopathogenesis of anemia in RA patients. METHODS: One hundred eight patients with RA and 25 healthy subjects were included in the study. All patients were assessed clinically for the functional capacity, the activation of the disease, the current treatment, and the history of gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Whole blood count, reticulocyte count, peripheral blood smear, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), serum iron, total iron binding capacity, ferritin, serum folic acid, vitamin B12 and erythropoetin (EPO) levels, anti-parietal antibody (APA) and anti-intrinsic factor antibody (IFA) positivity, direct coombs test, and occult blood in the stool were detected as laboratory parameters. RESULTS: Anemia was observed in 60% of RA patients with 30.5% of anemia of chronic disease (ACD), 25.9% of iron deficiency anemia, 2.7% of thalassemia minor and 0.9% of megaloblastic anemia. Anemia was frequently observed in female RA patients when compared to male RA patients (p=0.01). The duration of the disease and ages of RA patients did not show any difference in respect to presence of anemia (p>0.05 for all comparisons). The ESR levels of the RA patients with ACD and iron deficiency anemia was found to be higher when compared to RA patients with no anemia (p0.05). Mean EPO level of the patients with anemia was higher than the healthy subjects (p=0.01).CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that anemia is frequently present in RA. The most frequent causes of anemia are the ACD and iron deficiency anemia. Since the expected increase has not been observed in RA patients with anemia, EPO treatment may be considered as an alternative treatment in RA patients with anemia.

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