Eylem Simsek, Jale Balaban Sali

6070

The Role of Internet Addiction and Social Media Membership on University Students’ Psychological Capital

The Role of Internet Addiction and Social Media Membership on University Students’ Psychological Capital

How Internet addiction affects happiness of university students in terms of their cognitive and emotional resources was not adequately investigated. One of the inner resources of life satisfaction and happiness is defined as psychological capital (PsyCap), under the paradigm of positive psychology. PsyCap consists of four main sub-factors: hope, resilience, self-efficacy, and optimism. The major purpose of this study is to examine the role of Internet addiction and social media membership on PsyCap. The interaction between social media membership and Internet addiction was also investigated. The study employed a quantitative approach of scientific inquiry which combined descriptive, relational, and comparative models. The sample consisted of 209 students at a medium size state university in Turkey. Internet Addiction Inventory (Young, 1998) and Psychological Capital Questionnaire (Luthans et al., 2007) were employed as data gathering tools. A demographic data sheet was also used for determining the reasons and the amount of time for using Internet. In analyzing data, a set of correlation, analysis of variance, and multiple regression techniques were conducted. The results were complex. Internet addiction and PsyCap were negatively correlated. Students who spend more time on the Internet and social media, who are male and use Internet for daily communication were more likely to have higher Internet addiction scores. PsyCap can be significantly predicted by academic success, Internet addiction and having a blog. Although social media using time was not interacted with PsyCap, social media membership leaded to both higher PsyCap and higher Internet addiction. Especially, PsyCap scores of the students who had Linkedln and YouTube accounts were significantly higher. Internet addiction scores were also higher for students having Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest, and Linkedln accounts. It can be concluded that Internet addiction decreases PsyCap. Social media membership increases both Internet addiction and PsyCap.
Keywords:

Internet addiction, Psychological capital Social media, Positive psychology,

PDF

___

  • Akin, A. & Iskender, M. (2011). Internet addiction and depression, anxiety and stress. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(1), 138-148
  • Azher, M., Khan, R.B., Salim, M., Bilal, M., Hussain, A., & Haseeb, M. (2014). The relationship between internet addiction and anxiety among students of University of Sargodha. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 4(1), 288-293.
  • Ballard, L.C. (2011). “What’s happening”@Twitter: A uses and gratifications approach (Unpublished master’s thesis). University of Kentucky. Retrieved on 10 July 2014 from http://uknowledge.uky.edu /gradschool_theses/155
  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman and Company.
  • Bayraktar, F. & Gun, Z. (2007). Incidence and correlates of internet usage among adolescents in North Cyprus. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(2), 191-197.
  • Bayraktar, F. (2001). İnternet kullaniminin ergen gelisimindeki rolu (Yayimlanmamıs yuksek lisans tezi). Ege Universitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü. Izmir.
  • Cao, H., Sun, Y, Wan, Y, Hao, Y. & Tao, f. (2011). Problematic Internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health, 11, 802.
  • Cash, H., Rae, C.D., Steel, A.H., & Winkler, A. (2012). Internet addiction: A brief summary of research and practice. Curr Psychiatry Rev., 8(4), 292-298.
  • Cetin, F. & Basim, H.N. (2011). Psikolojik dayanikliligin is tatmini ve orgutsel baglilik tutumlarindaki rolu. İs, Guc; Endustri İliskileri ve İnsan Kaynaklari Dergisi, 13(3), 79-94.
  • Cetin, F. & Basim, H.N. (2012). Orgutsel psikolojik sermaye: Bir olcek uyarlama calismasi. Amme Idaresi Dergisi, 45(1), 121-137.
  • Chen, Z. & Davey, G. (2009). Subjective quality of life in South China: A public survey. Social Indicators Research, 91(2), 243-258.
  • Csikszentmihalyi, M. & Nakamura, J. (2009). Psychological capital. In S. J. Lopez (Ed). The encyclopedia of positive psychology. Hoboken, NJ: Blackwell.
  • Cummins, R. A. (2000). Personal income and subjective well-being: A review. Journal of Happiness Studies, 1, 133-158.
  • DSM-IV, American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-IV (4th ed.). [Internet]. Washington (DC): American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved on 14 April 2014 from http://www.psychiatryonline.com/ DSMPDF/dsm-iv.pdf
  • Durak-Batigun, A & Kılıc, N. (2011). Internet bagimliligi ile kisilik ozellikleri, sosyal destek, psikolojik belirtiler ve bazi sosyo-demografik degiskenler arasindaki iliskiler. Turk Psikoloji Dergisi, 26(67), 1-10.
  • Eroglu, M., Pamuk, M., & Pamuk, K. (2013). Investigation of problematic internet usage of university students with psychosocial levels at different levels. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 103(26), 551-557.
  • Eynseck, H.J. (1995). Trait theories of personality. In S.E. Hampson & M.A. Colman (Eds.), Individual differences and personality (p.40-50). New York: Longman.
  • Gallagher, K. (2009). The road to resilience. Retrieved on 14 April 2014 from http://kellygallagher.org/resources/AoW%209% 20Road %20to%20Resilience.pdf
  • Gyudong, L., Jaeeun, L., & & Soonjae, K. (2011). Use of social-networking sites and subjective well-being: A study in South Korea. CyberPsychology, Behavior & Social Networking, 14(3), 15.
  • Hossain, M.M. & Quinn, R.J. (2012). Advantages and disadvantages of using a blogging activity in a college Euclidean geometry course.International Journal of Computer Technology and Electronics Engineering (IJCTEE), 2(6), 1-7.
  • Keser-Ozcan, N. & Buzlu, S. (2005). An assistive tool in determining problematic Internet use: Validity and reliability of the online cognition scale in a sample of university students. Journal of Dependence, 6(1), 19-26.
  • Kim,K., Ryub, E., Chonb, M.Y., Ja Yeun, E., Choic, S.Y. Seod, Bum J.S., & Namd, W. (2011). Internet addiction in Korean adolescents and its relation to depression and suicidal ideation: A questionnaire survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 43(2), 185- 192.
  • Ko, H.C. & Kuo, F.Y. (2009). Can blogging enhance subjective well-being through self- disclosure? CyberPsychology & Behavior, 12(1), 75-79.
  • Larose, R., Mastro, D., & Eastin, M.S. (2001). Understanding Internet usage: A social-cognitive approach to uses and gratification. Social Science and Computer Review, 19(4), 395-413.
  • Luthans, F. & Youssef, C.M. (2004). Human, social, and now positive psychological capital management: Investing in people for competitive advantage. Organizational Dynamics, 33(2), 143-160.
  • Luthans, F., Avolio, B.J., Avey J.B., & Norman S.M. (2007). Positive PsyCap: Measurement and relationship with performance and satisfaction. Leadership Institute Faculty Publications (Paper 11). Retrieved on 10 July 2014 from http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ leadershipfacpub/11.
  • Luthans, F., Youssef, C.M. & Avolio, B.J. (2007). Psychological capital: Developing the human competitive edge. Oxford, UK: Oxford University.DATE
  • O’Brien, C.P. (2010). Commentary on Tao et al. (2010): Internet addiction and DSM-V. Addiction, 105(3), 565.
  • Orsal, O., Orsal, O, Unsal, A., & Ozalp, S. (2012). Evaluation of internet addiction and depression among university students. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 82(3), 445–454.
  • Ozcinar, Z. (2011). The relationship between internet addiction and communication, educational and physical problems of adolescents in North Cyprus. Australian Journal of Guidance and Counseling, 21(01), 22-32.
  • Peterson, S., Luthans, F. Avolio, B. Walumbwa, F., & Zhang, Z. (2011). Psychological capital and employee performance: A latent growth modeling approach. Personnel Psychology, 64, 427-450.
  • Pies, (2009). Should DSM-V designate “internet addiction” a mental disorder? Psychiatry, 6(2), 31-37.
  • Rosas, O. V. (2011). Types of Internet use, well-being and the good life: Ethical views from prudential psychology. Retrieved on 18 June 2014 from http://perso.fundp.ac.be/ ~ovrosasm/Chapter_15_Omar%20 Rosas_GLiTA.pdf
  • Sally, L.P.M. (2006) Prediction of internet addiction for undergraduates in Hong Kong. )Unpublished degree’s thesis). Baptist University, Hong Kong. Retrieved on 18 June 2014 from http://lib-sca.hkbu.edu. hk/trsimage/hp/ 03007154.pdf
  • Seligman, M.E.P. (2007). Gercek mutluluk. Kalici doyum potansiyelinizi gelistirmek icin yeni olumlu psikolojinin kullanilmasi. Ankara: HYB.
  • Seligman, M.E.P., Steen, T.A., Park, N. & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60, 410-421.
  • Simsek, A. (2011). The relationship between computer anxiety and computer self-efficacy. Contemporary Educational Technology, 2(3), 177-187.
  • Song, Eeh-eun. (nd). The analysis of relations between subjective happiness and computer usage in South Korea. Retrieved on 24 June from http://ricas.ioc.u-tokyo.ac.jp/ aasplatform/achivements/pdf/ 2011_ab_song.pdf
  • Spraggins, A. (2009). Problematic use of online social networking sites for college students: Prevalence, predictors and association with well-being. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
  • Synder, C.R. (2000). Handbook of hope: Theory, measures and applications. San Diego, C.A: Academic Press.
  • Xiuqin, H.,Huimin, Z., Mengchen, L., Jinan, W., Ying, Z., & Ran, T. (2010). Mental health, personality, and parental rearing styles of adolescents with internet addiction disorder. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 401-406.
  • Yang, S.C. & Tung, C. (2004). Comparison of Internet addicts and non-addicts in Taiwanese high school. Computers in Human Behavior, 23, 79-96.
  • Young, K. S. & Rogers, R. C. (1998). The Relationship between depression and internet addiction. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 1(1), 25-28.
  • Young, K.S. & Rogers, R. (1997, April). Depression and its relationship with pathological Internet use. Poster presented at the 68th annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association. Washington, DC.
  • Young, K.S. (1996). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. Paper presented at the 104th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association. Toronto, Canada.
  • Young, K.S. (1998). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new disorder. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 1(3), 237-244.
  • Young, K.S. (1999). Internet addiction: Symptoms, evaluation, and treatment. This article is reproduced from Innovations in Clinical Practice (Volume 17) by L. VandeCreek & T.L. Jackson (Eds.), Sarasota, FL: Professional Resource Press.
  • Yuan, K., Qin, W., Wang, G., Zeng, F., Zhao, L., Yang, X., Liu, P., Liu, J., Sun, J., & von Deneen, K.M. (2011). Microstructure abnormalities in adolescents with internet addiction disorder. PLoS One, 6(6).retrieved on 10 July 2014 from, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pmc/articles/PMC3108989/
  • Correspondence: Jale Balaban Sali, Associate Professor, Faculty of Communication Sciences,
  • Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, Eskisehir, Turkey
Contemporary Educational Technology-Cover
  • Başlangıç: 2010
  • Yayıncı: Prof. Dr. Ali Şimşek
Arşiv
Sayıdaki Diğer Makaleler

Perceptions of Blended Learning Competencies and Obstacles among Educational Technology Students in Light of Different Anxiety Levels and Locus of Control

Osamah Ahmad Aldalalah, Al-Mothana M. Gasaymeh

Book Review: 21st Century Skills - Learning for Life in Our Times

The Impact of Generational Status on Instructors’ Reported Technology Usage

Susan Troncoso SKİDMORE, Linda Reichwein ZİENTEK, D. Patrick Saxon, Stacey L. Edmonson

Improving First Computer Programming Experiences: The Case of Adapting a Web-Supported and Well-Structured Problem-Solving Method to a Traditional Course

Murat Pasa Uysal

Moderation Effect of Gender on Relationship between Community of Inquiry and Perceived Learning in Blended Learning Environments

Rouhollah Khodabandelou, Habibah Ab Jalil, Wan Zah Wan Ali, Shaffe bin Mohd Daud

The Role of Internet Addiction and Social Media Membership on University Students’ Psychological Capital

Eylem Simsek, Jale Balaban Sali