Enteral Beslenen Hastalarda Beslenmeye Ara Veriliş Nedenlerinin Belirlenmesi

Amaç: Enteral beslenen hastalar gastrointestinal intolerans ve prosedürler gibi çeşitli nedenlerden dolayı beslenme kesintiye uğrayabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kliniklerde enteral beslenen hastalarda beslenmeye ara veriliş nedenlerini belirlemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Araştırma tanımlayıcı tipte planlanmıştır. Veriler bir üniversite hastanesinin Nöroloji ve Göğüs Hastalıkları kliniğinde nazogastrik yoldan enteral beslenen hastalardan elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 18 yaş üzeri ve nazogastrik tüple enteral yoldan yeni beslenmeye başlamış toplam 96 hasta oluşturmuştur. Veriler 1 Temmuz- 31 Aralık 2010 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri, araştırmacılar tarafından literatüre dayalı oluşturulmuş "Enteral Beslenme İzlem Formu" ile toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde sayı ve yüzdelik hesabı kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: On günde toplam 341 kez enteral beslenmeye ara verilmiştir. Çalışmada 10 gün süreyle izlenen hastaların %59.4'ünün ikinci günde, %57.3'ünün üçüncü günde, %54.2'sinin dördüncü günde ve %52.1'inin beşinci günde beslenme desteğine ara verildiği tespit edilmiştir. . Beslenme tüpüyle ilgili problemler (%26.6) enteral beslenmede en sık ara veriliş nedeni olup bunu gastrik rezidüel volüm fazlalığı (%24.9), solunum güçlüğü (%18.2), tanısal işlemler (%10.9), yaşam bulgularında gerileme (%7.9), kusma (%7.7) ve diyare (%3.8) izlemiştir. Sonuçlar: Enteral beslenen hastalarda beslenmeye ara verilişin ana nedenleri beslenme tüpüyle ilgili sorunlar ve gastrik rezidüel volüm fazlalığıdır. Hemşirelerin beslenme tüpü bakımını dikkatli uygulamaları ve rezidüel volüm fazlalığında kanıta dayalı rehberleri kullanmaları önerilmektedir.

Objective: Patients who receive enteral nutrition may have feedings interrupted due to a variety of reasons such as a procedures and gastrointestinal intolerance. The purpose of this study is to determine the reasons for interruption of feeding in enterally fed patients in clinics. Materials and Methods The study was planned as a descriptive type. The data were obtained from patients who were enterally fed by nasogastric route in a neurology and chest diseases clinic of a university hospital. The sample of the study consists of total 96 patients who are over 18 years, newly started to enteral feeding with nasogastric tube. The data were collected between 1 July-31 December 2010. The research data were collected by using the "Enteral Nutrition Monitoring Form" based on the literature by the researcher. Number and percentage calculations were used in analysis of data. Results: It was found that the patients who were followed up for 10 days in the study were interuption in nutritional support 59.4% on the second day, 57.3% on the third day, 54.2% on the fourth day and 52.1% on the fifth day.Problems with the feeding tube (26.6%)was the most frequent reason for the enteral feeding to be interrupted, followed by excess gastic residual volumes (24.9%), respiratory distress (18.2%), diagnostic procedures (10.9%), vital signs regression (7.9%), vomiting (7.7%) and diarrhea (3.8%). Conclusions The main reasons for interrupting feeding in enteral-fed patients are problems with the feeding tube and excess gastric residual volume. It recommended that careful application of feeding tube and use of evidence-based guidelines in excess of residual volume by nurses.

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