David Fresko’nun Le Sionisme Adlı Eserindeki Siyonizm Karşıtı Söylemi

Yahudi cemaatleri, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’na geldiklerinden itibaren köklü Sefarad geleneklerine ve geleneklerinin aşırı muhafazakarlığına sadık kalarak barış içinde yaşadılar. Ancak XIX. yüzyıl üç cephede birden kültürel ve dilsel bir canlanma getirdi: Osmanlı devletinin modernleşme uğraşları, esas olarak L'Alliance Israélite Universelle tarafından temsil edilen Batı etkisi ve Kuzey ülkelerinden gelen Siyonizm. Bu kültürel mayalanma hali iki yüzyıl arasındaki yıllarda, en temelde Siyonizm/anti-Siyonizm tartışması da dahil olmak üzere, fikir yazıları ve tartışmalarla çok sayıda gazetenin ortaya çıkmasını beraberinde getirdi. Bu makalede, David Fresko’nun El Tiempo gazetesinde seneler içinde dile getirmiş olduğu ve 1909 yılında İstanbul’da derleyip Le Sionisme başlığı altında Fransızcaya çevrilmiş bir kitapçık halinde yayınladığı görüşlerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Le Sionisme’de toplanan bu makaleler, XIX. yüzyılın sonları ve XX. yüzyılın başlarında, yaşam biçimlerini, kültürlerini, dilsel gerçekliklerini ve aynı zamanda Siyonist hareketin Yahudilikte meydana getirdiği derin devrimi etkileyecek olan modernleşmeye geçişi deneyimleyen Osmanlı Sefaradilerinin sosyo-kültürel durumunun açık bir yansımasıdır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sefaradiler, Osmanlı İmparatorluğu, Siyonizm/anti-Sİyonism, Azınlıklar, David Fresko

David Fresko’s anti-Zionist discourse in his work Le Sionisme

The Jewish communities, since their arrival, lived under the Ottoman Empire in peace which kept them faithful to tradition and to the extreme conservatism of deeply rooted Sephardic customs. But the 19th century brought a cultural and linguistic revitalisation on three fronts: the modernisation of the Ottoman state itself, the Western influence represented mainly by L’Alliance Israélite Universelle, and from the countries of the North, Zionism. This state of cultural ferment brought with it the emergence of a multitude of newspapers, with opinion articles and debates in the years between two centuries, including, most fundamentally, the Zionism/anti-Zionism debate. In this article we are going to analyse the opinions expressed, over several years, by David Fresko in his newspaper El Tiempo, which he compiled and published in 1909 in Istanbul in a booklet, translated into French, under the title Le Sionisme. The aim of this article is to analyse the articles collected in Le Sionisme, which are a clear reflection of the socio-cultural situation of the Ottoman Sephardim who, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, experienced the leap into modernity that would so affect their way of life, their culture, their linguistic reality, and also the profound revolution in Judaism brought about by the Zionist movement.

Keywords:

Sephardim, Ottoman Empire, Zionism/anti-Zionism, Minority, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko, David Fresko,

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