FİNANSAL OKURYAZARLIĞIN BİREYSEL EMEKLİLİK SİSTEMİNE KATILIM ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ: UŞAK ÜNİVERSİTESİ PERSONELİNE YÖNELİK BİR UYGULAMA
Bireysel emeklilik şirketleri, finansal sistemin önemli kurumsal yatırımcılarından birisidir ve uzun vadeli yatırım perspektifi ile finansal sistemin gelişimine önemli katkı sağlamaktadırlar. Bu çalışmada Uşak Üniversitesi personeli örnekleminde anket yöntemiyle elde edilen veriler ile faktör analizi ve lojistik regresyon analizi kullanılarak finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımı üzerindeki etkisi araştırılmıştır. Analiz sonucunda temel ve orta düzeyde finansal okuryazarlık düzeyinin kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımı üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olmadığı, ileri düzeyde finansal okuryazarlığın ise kişilerin bireysel emekliliğe katılımını negatif etkilediği belirlenmiştir.
THE IMPACT OF FINANCIAL LITERACY ON PARTICIPATION TO THE INDIVIDUAL PENSION SYSTEM: A RESEARCH ON USAK UNIVERSITY STAFF
1. LITERATURE Individual pension companies are one of the important institutional investors of the financial system and make a significant contribution to the development of the financial system with the long-term investment perspective. The limited number of studies have been conducted on the factors affecting the participation of the persons to the individual pension system. The relevant literature has revealed that financial literacy level positively affects the participation of the persons to the individual pension system. 1.1. RESEARCH SUBJECT The research subject is the effect of financial literacy and demographic characteristics on the participation of the persons to the individual pension in the sample of Usak University staff. 1.2. RESEARCH PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE The research purpose is to analyze the effect of the financial literacy level and demographic characteristics of persons to the participation to the individual pension system. The determination of factors having effect on the individual pension system’s participation is important for determination of the right policies to raise the size of the private pensions system considering the roles of pension funds in the financial system. 1.3. CONTRIBUTION of the ARTICLE to the LITERATURE The limited number of studies have investigated the impact of financial literacy on participation to the individual pension system. Furthermore, this study is one of the early studies researching the impact of financial literacy on individual pensions system’s participation for a sample in Turkey. 2. DESIGN AND METHOD The effect of the financial literacy level and demographic characteristics on the participation of the persons to the individual pension system was investigated through factor analysis and logistic regression analysis. 2.1. RESEARCH TYPE The quantitative research was conducted to examine the effect of financial literacy and demographic characteristics on the persons’ participation to the individual pension system. 2.2. RESEARCH PROBLEMS The effect of basic, medium and advanced level financial literacy levels together with demographic characteristics on participation to the individual pension system were analyzed. 2.3. DATA COLLECTION METHOD The data set was obtained through questionnaire method. 2.4. QUANTITATIVE / QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS The factor analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted in the context of quantitative analysis. 2.5. RESEARCH MODEL The effect of financial literacy level and demographic characteristics on the participation to the individual pension system was analyzed by the following model. BESUYE: Participation to the individual pension system YAS: Age CALSURE: Employment period FINSURE: Financial market experience TFOY: Basic financial literacy level OFOY: Medium financial literacy level IFOY: Advanced financial literacy level CINS: Gender EGTM: Education level 2.6. RESEARCH HYPOTHESES The effect of basic, medium, and advanced financial literacy level together with demographic characteristics on the participation to the individual pension system was researched. 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The empirical analysis revealed that individuals’ basic financial literacy levels were quite high and that the ratio of correct responses to the basic financial literacy questions was 88%. The ratio of correct responses to the medium level financial literacy questions was found as 41.3 %. The ratio of correct response to the advanced financial literacy questions was found as 38.4%. The logistic regression analysis disclosed that only advanced financial literacy level negatively affected the participation of the persons to the individual pension system. Furthermore, the men’s participation to the individual pension system was higher, age negatively affected the participation to the individual pension system and employment term positively affected the participation to the individual pension system. 3.1. FINDINGS as a RESULT of ANALYSIS
___
- Aydın, E.A.,Akben-Selçuk, E. (2017). “Türkiye’de Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Katılım Kararını Etkileyen Faktörler”. Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar, Cilt: 54, Sayı: 632, 27-37.
- Bernheim, B. D. , Garrett, D. M. (2003). “The Effects of Financial Education in the Workplace: Evidence from A Survey of Households”, Journal of Public Economics, 87(7–8), : 1487–1519.
- Birleşmiş Milletler Ekonomik ve Sosyal İlişkiler Departmanı Nüfus Bölümü (2019). World Mortality 2019: Data Booklet, https://www.un.org/en/development/desa/population/publications/pdf/mortality/WMR2019/WorldMortality2019DataBooklet.pdf
- Ceylan, Z.,Gürsev, S., Bulkan, S. (2017). “İki Aşamalı Kümeleme Analizi ile Bireysel Emeklilik Sektöründe Müşteri Profilinin Değerlendirilmesi”. Bilişim Teknolojileri Dergisi, 10(4), 475-485.
- Chen, H., ve Volpe, R. P. (1998). “An Analysis of Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students”, Financial Services Review, 7(2), 107-128.
- Chen, H. Ve Volpe, R. P. (2002). “Gender Differences in Personal Financial Literacy Among College Students”, Financial Services Review, 11(3), 289-308.
- Çömlekçi, İ., Gökmen, O. (2017). “Bireysel Emeklilik Sistemine Katılmada Etkili Olan Faktörler: TR42 Bölgesinde Bir Araştırma”. Uluslararası Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 10 (Sayı:49), 579-588.
- Emeklilik Gözetim Merkezi (2020). “BES Temel Göstergeleri”, http://www.egm.org.tr/weblink/BESgostergeler.asp (Erişim Tarihi: 19.05.2020)
- Fornero, E.,Monticone, C. (2011). “Financial literacyandpension plan participation in Italy”. Journal of PensionEconomics& Finance, 10(4), 547-564.
- Grohmann, A. (2018). Financial Literacy and Financial Behavior: Evidence from the Emerging Asian Middle Class, Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 48, 129-143.
- Holzmann, R. (1997). “On Economic Benefits and Fiscal Requirements of moving from Unfunded to Funded Pensions”. Chile: Economic Commissionfor Latin America and Caribbean http://repositorio.cepal.org/handle/11362/5250 (15.01.2017).
- Liv, Y.,Burr, J.A., Miller, E.A. (2017). “Pension Plan Typesand Financial Literacy in Later Life”. Gerontologist, DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnx135.
- Lusardi, A. (2008a). “HouseholdSavingBehavior: The Role of Financial Literacy, Information, and Financial Education Programs”. NBER WorkingPaper Series, No.13824, http://www.nber.org/papers/w13824 (Erişim Tarihi: 12.10.2016)
- Lusardi, A. (2008b). “Financial Literacy: An Essential Tool for Informed Consumer Choice?” (No. w14084). National Bureau of Economic Research.
- Lusardi, A., Mitchell, O. S. (2009). “Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning: New Evidence from the Rand American Life Panel”, Michigan Retirement Research Center Research Paper No. WP, 157.
- Lusardi, A.,Mitchell, O. S. (2011). “Financial Literacy around the World: An Overview”. Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 10(4), 497-508.
- Lusardi, A. (2015). “Financial Literacy: Do People know the Abcs of Finance?”. Public Understanding of Science, 24(3), 260-271.
- Mahdzan, N.S.,Tabiani, S. (2013). “TheImpact of Financial Literacy on IndividualSaving: An Exploratory Study in theMalaysian Context”. Transformations in Business &Economics, 12(1), 41-55.
- OECD (2017). “Pensions at a Glance 2017: OECD and G20 Indicators, OECD Publishing”, Paris. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/pension_glance-2017-en (Erişim Tarihi: 02.12.2019).
- OECD (2019). “Pension Markets in Focus 2019”, http://www.oecd.org/daf/fin/private-pensions/Pension-Markets-in-Focus-2019.pdf (Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2019).
- Özdemir, A., Temizel, F., Sönmez, H., ER, F. (2015). “Financial Literacy of University Students: A Case Studyfor Anadolu University”, Turkey. Uluslararası Yönetim İktisat ve İşletme Dergisi, 11(24), 97-110.
- Özdemir, A., Temizel, F. (2018). “Üniversite Öğrencilerinin İleri Finansal Okuryazarlık Düzeylerinin İncelenmesi: Anadolu Üniversitesi Örneği”, Business & Management Studies: An International Journal, 6(2), 430-448.
- Sekita, S. (2011). Financial Literacy and Retirement Planning in Japan, Journal of Pension Economics & Finance, 10(4): 637-656.
- Temizel, F., Bayram, F. (2011). “Finansal Okuryazarlık: Anadolu Üniversitesi İktisadi İdari Bilimler Fakültesi (İİBF) Öğrencilerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma”, CÜ İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Dergisi, 12(1), 73-86.
- World Bank (2020). Gross domestic savings (% of GDP), https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDS.TOTL.ZS, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2020).