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ÇİN'İN DIŞ TİCARET PERFORMANSINA KISA BİR BAKIŞ

1980’lerin başına kadar dışa kapalı bir ekonomiye sahip olan Çin bu tarihte başlatmış olduğu yapısal reformlarla birlikte kapılarını dış dünyaya açmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; reformlar sonrası Çin’in dış ticaretinde meydana gelen değişmeleri değerlendirmektir. Bunun için Çin Ulusal İstatistik Bürosu (NBSC), Dünya Kalkınma Göstergeleri (WDI) ve Dünya Bileşik Ticaret Çözümü (WITS)’nden elde edilen verilerden faydalanılmıştır.Çalışmada, Çin’in 1995'ten beri dünyanın geri kalan ülkeleriyle sürekli ve mütevazı bir pozitif ticaret dengesi gerçekleştirdiği görülmüştür. 1990'larda dünya ihracatının %1,4'ini ithalatının is e %1,5'ini gerçekleştiren Çin’in 2018’da dünya ihracatının yaklaşık %10,6'sını ithalatının ise %10,34'ünü gerçekleştirdiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu durum kendisini dünyanın en büyük ihracatçısı ve ikinci en büyük ithalatçısı yapmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ayrıca Çin’in en çok ticaret yaptığı beş ülke ve Türkiye ile ticareti de ele alınmıştır. Çin ABD, Hong Kong ve Türkiye ile ticaretinde fazla Japonya, Almanya ve Kore ile ticaretinde ise açık vermektedir.

A BRIEF OVERVIEW OF CHINA'S FOREIGN TRADE PERFORMANCE

1. LITERATURE Many researchers have already studied about the China’s foreign trade with the world in general and with some specific countries in particular. Drysdale and Hardwick (2018) found that China has profoundly changed the way it engages with the rest of the world. The development of domestic markets -a key element of Chinese reform- has been significantly enhanced by integration into international markets via trade, investment flows, technology transfers, people-to-people exchanges and the spread of knowledge. Li and Jiang (2018) argue that integration into international production networks and global value chains has seen China evolve into a global manufacturing and trade centre, contributing to its rapid economic growth. Kızıltan (2004) discusses China’s capability of being a super power. He asserts that China is an important regional power, and should be taken into consideration both economically and politically by all countries. Some other authors have also done researches on China’s trade position and relationship with other countries. Temiz (2017) investigates the relationship between Turkey and China. He says that lack of political and strategic vision negatively affects the economic relations between Turkey and China. Schnellbach and Man (2015) explores the multifaceted relationship between Germany and China. The authors argue that in recent years, there have been efforts to extend cooperation to other fields like security and environmental issues. Both Germany and China increasingly consider a strategic partnership within mutual interest. According to Martin (2018) the size of the U.S. bilateral trade deficit with China has been and continues to be an important issue in bilateral trade relations. 1.1. RESEARCH SUBJECT Research subject of this paper is China’s foreign trade with the world in general and with some specific countries in particular.1.2. RESEARCH PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE 2. DESIGN AND METHOD The paper will examine China’s overall trade position, its overall trend, its trade balance with the rest of the world, and its trade share of world trade and in particular with some specific countries over a long historical time period.1.3. CONTRIBUTION of the ARTICLE to the LITERATURE This study will contribute to the expansion of the literature on the Chinese economy, and will also be useful to everyone, especially academics, who are interested in the Chinese economy and who want to evaluate the changes in the foreign trade of China.In this study, changes in China's foreign trade after reforms were evaluated in the light of China National Statistics Bureau (NBSC), World Development Indicators (WDI) and World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) data. In the following sections of the study, first the developments in the foreign trade structure of China are included. Then, the country's foreign trade performance and its position in world trade were dealt with in comparison with Germany, Japan and the USA. In the following part of China in the United States, Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, foreign trade with South Korea and Turkey were examined. In the conclusion, evaluation and suggestions are included. 3. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 3.1. FINDINGS as a RESULT of ANALYSISIn 1992, China achieved 1.2% of global exports and 1.25% of imports. The same values were 7.8% and 6.1% for Japan, 9.8% and 9.7% for Germany and 13.2% and 13.45% for the USA. In 2018, while China’s share in world exports and import increased to 10.6% and to 10.3%, the USA’s share in world exports and import decreased to 9.9% and to 12.8%. Similarly, the share of Germany and Japan in world exports and import decreased. With its foreign trade policy, China has achieved the success of being the biggest importer in the world with its import of 2.7 trillion dollars and the second largest exporter with 2 trillion dollars export. In terms of total foreign trade, according to Figure 3, China increased its share in world trade from 1% to 10%, leaving Germany and Japan behind in getting a share from world trade. Meanwhile, China’s trade surplus was 360 billion $ in 2018 and it has raised 430 billion $ in 2019. 18,00 16,00 14,00 12,00 10,00 8,00 6,00 4,00 2,00 0,00 19911993199519971999200120032005200720092011201320152017 ÇİNALMANYAJAPONYAABD Figure 3. China, Germany, Japan and the USA’s Share of World TradeSource: WDI, 2019 China’s biggest partne

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