Deniz HAZAR, Ali İhsan İÇÖZ, İbrahim BAKTIR

Yalancı Akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Tohumlarının Çimlenmesi Üzerine Bazı Giberellik Asit ve Skarifikasyon Uygulamalarının Etkileri

Fabaceae familyasına ait yalancı akasya (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) süs bitkisi olarak kullanımı yaygın, kuraklık stresine dayanıklı bir ağaçtır. Bu familyanın birçok türü gibi, yalancı akasya türlerinin de fiziksel dormansiye neden olan sert ve geçirimsiz tohum kabukları vardır. Bu nedenle tohum çimlenme oranı düşüktür. Mevcut araştırma, yalancı akasyada tohum dinlenmesinin kırılması ve çimlenmeyi arttırmak için en iyi ön uygulamayı belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada materyal olarak olgunlaşmış yalancı akasya tohumları kullanılmış ve tohumlara giberellik asit (GA3) ve skarifikasyon (termal, kimyasal ve mekanik) ön uygulamaları yapılmıştır. Tohumlar 24 saat 0, 1000, 2000 ve 3000 ppm GA3, iki saat 60 ve 80°C sıcak su, 10 dakika saf sülfürik asit (H2S04) ve zımpara kağıdı ile muamele edilmişlerdir. Kontrol grubu tohumlara hiçbir uygulama yapılmamıştır. Tohumlar, torf ve perlit karışımı içeren 108 hücreli tohum ekim kapları içerisine ekilmiştir (3:1; v/v). Araştırmada, uygulamaların çimlenme oranı, ortalama çimlenme süresi, çimlenme enerjisi ve çimlenme indeksi değerleri üzerine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ortalama çimlenme süresi değerleri dışında, incelenen tüm kriterler üzerine uygulamaların etkisi istatistiksel olarak önemli bulunmuştur. En yüksek çimlenme oranı %70 ile zımpara uygulamasından en düşük çimlenme oranı ise %13.33 ile kontrol uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Çimlenme indeksi (0.18) ve çimlenme enerjisi (%63.33) bakımından da en yüksek değerler zımpara uygulamasında saptanmıştır. Çimlenme kriterleri yönünden, mekanik aşındırmaya en yakın sonuçlar iki saat 60°C termal aşındırma uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. Giberellik asit uygulamalarının skarifikasyon ve kontrol uygulamaları ile kıyaslandığında ortalama çimlenme süresini kısalttığı, ancak diğer çimlenme kriterleri bakımından başarısız olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Skarifikasyon uygulamaları içinde en düşük çimlenme değerlerine sülfürik asit uygulaması sahip olmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda, yalancı akasya tohumlarında fiziksel dormansiyi gidermek ve çimlenmeyi arttırmak için en iyi ön uygulamanın zımpara ile aşındırma uygulaması olduğu bulunmuştur.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

ön uygulama, skarifikasyon, Çimlenme oranı, GA3, Robinia pseudoacacia

Effects of Some Giberellic Acid and Scarification Treatments on Germination of Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Seeds

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) belonging to the Fabaceae family is a tree that is widely used as ornamental plant and resistant to drought stress. Like many species of the legume family, the black locust species also have hard and impermeable seed coats caused physically dormancy. Therefore the seed germination rate is low. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the best pre-treatment to break the dormancy and improve germination of black locust seeds. The mature seeds of black locust were used as research materials and the seeds were pre-treated with gibberellic acid (GA3) and scarification (thermal, chemical and mechanical). The seeds were treated with 0, 1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm GA3 for 24 hours, with hot water at 60 and 80°C for two hours, with pure sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 10 minutes and with sandpaper. For the control, the seeds were sown without any treatment. Seeds were sowed in plug seed trays with 108 cells containing mixture of peat and perlite (3:1; v/v). In the research, the effects on germination rate, mean germination time, germination energy and germination index values of seed pre-treatments were determined. Except for mean germination time values, the effect of treatments on all the criteria examined was found statistically significant. The highest germination rate was obtained from sandpaper treatment with 70% and the lowest germination rate was obtained from control treatment with 13.33%. Also, the highest values in terms of germination index (0.18) and germination energy (63.33%) were determined in sandpaper treatment.In terms of germination criteria, the closest results to mechanical abrasion were obtained from 60°C thermal abrasion treatment for two hours. It has been found that the treatments of gibberelic acid reduce the average germination time compared to the scarification and control treatments, but fail in terms of other germination criteria. Sulfuric acid treatment had the lowest germination values among the scarification treatments.As a result of the research, it has been found that the best pre-treatment to remove physical dormancy and improve germination in black locust seeds is sandpaper treatment.

Keywords:

Germination rate, GA3, pre-treatment, scarification, Robinia pseudoacacia,

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