BİR ÇEVRE SORUNSALI OLARAK HAVA KİRLİLİĞİ: KIRIKKALE İLİ ÖRNEĞİ

Günümüz çevre sorunsalları içerisinde; hava kirliliği sorunu insan ve çevre sağlığı için tehdit oluşturan ve çözüm bulunması gereken sorunsallardan biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu noktada çalışmanın amacı: hava kirliliğinin insan ve çevre sağlığına olan zararlarını belirtmek ve bu zararları azaltmak için önerilerde bulunmaktır. Çalışmada öncelikle literatür çalışması yapılarak hava kirliliğinin nedenleri, artan hava kirliliğinin insan ve çevre sağlığı için oluşturduğu sorunlar somutlaştırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada ayrıca; Kırıkkale ilinin 2010-2016 yılları arasında son yedi yıllık hava kirliliği izleme verileri incelenerek ilin hava kirliliği bakımından hangi düzeyde olduğu ile ilgili çıkarımlar yapılmaya ve olan, olması muhtemel sorunlarla ilgili çözüm üretilmeye çalışılmıştır.

AIR POLLUTION AS AN ENVIRONMENT PROBLEM: CASE STUDY OF KIRIKKALE PROVINCE

Among today's environmental problems, the problem of air pollution comes out as a problem that needs to be solved as it poses a threat to both human and environmental health. The aim of this research, within this regard, is to point out the hazards of air pollution to human and environmental health, and to make recommendations to reduce such hazards. Within the scope of the study, literature research has been done first to materialise the causes of air pollution and the problems of increasing air pollution for human and environmental health. Additionally, the air pollution monitoring data of Kırıkkale province for the last seven years, between 2010-2016, has been examined and conclusions have been drawn from the level of air pollution in the province and solutions to the present and possible problems have been put forward.

___

AKİMOTO, H., (2003). Global Air Quality And Pollution. Science, 302(5651), 1716-1719.

ANDERSEN, Z. J., et al. (2017). "Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution and Incidence of Postmenopausal Breast Cancer in 15 European Cohorts within the ESCAPE Project." Journal of Environmental Health Perspectives 125.10.

ATKİNSON, R. W., Carey, I. M., Kent, A. J., Van Staa, T. P., Anderson, H. R., Cook, D. G. (2013). Long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution and incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Epidemiology, 24(1), 44-53

BARKER, K., Cambi, F., Catcott, E. J., Chambers, L. A., Halliday, E. C., Hasegawa, A., Hei- mann, H., Jammet, H. P., Katz, M., Leclerc, E., McCabe, L. C., Macfarlane, W. A., Parker, A., Rose jr, A. H., Stenburg, R. L., Stephan, D. G., Taylor, J. R., Thomas, M. D. and Wexler, H., (1961). Air Pollution. World Health Organization Monograph Series, 46. Geneva: World Health Organization.

BATES, D. V. , (1996). Particulate Air Pollution. Thorax, 51(Suppl 2), 3-8.

BERNSTEİN, J. A., Alexis, N., Barnes, C., Bernstein, I. L., Nel, A., Peden, D., Diaz-Sanchez, D., Tarlo, S. M., and Williams, P. B., (2004). Health Effects Of Air Pollution. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 114(5), 1116-1123.

CAREY,L. M., Richard W. A., Andrew J. K., Tjeerd Van S., Derek G. C., H. Ross A. (2013). Mortality associations with long-term exposure to outdoor air pollution in a national English cohort. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 187(11), 1226-1233

Çevre ve Şehircilik İl Müdürlüğü, (2017). Hava Kirliliği Verileri, Kırıkkale.

DOCKERY, D. W., Pope, C. A., Xu, X., Spengler, J. D., Ware, J. H., Fay, M. E., Ferris, Jr. B. G., and Speizer, Frank E., (1993). An Association Between Air Pollution and Mortality in Six US Cities. New England Journal Of Medicine, 329(24), 1753-1759.

DÖRTBUDAK B. H., Fişekçi Z., Kargın F. E., M., Bülbül, B., (2006). Hava Kirliliğinin İnsan Sağlığına Etkileri, Dünyada, Ülkemizde ve Bölgemizde Hava Kirliliği Sorunu. Dicle Tıp Dergisi, 33(2), 105-112.

ERİSMAN, J. W., Galloway, J. N., Seitzinger, S., Bleeker, A., Dise, N. B., Petrescu, A. M. R., Leach, A. M. and De Vries, W., (2013). Consequences Of Human Modification Of The Global Nitrogen Cycle. Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B 368(1621), 2013, 01-16.

FLAGAN, R. C., and Seinfeld J. H., (2012). Fundamentals of Air Pollution Engineering. Co- urier Corporation.

GAN, W. Q., FitzGerald, J. M., Carlsten, C., Sadatsafavi, M., and Brauer, M., (2013). Associations of Ambient Air Pollution with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Hospitalization and Mortality. American Journal Of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 187(7), 721-727.

KAİTALA, V., Pohjola M., and Tahvonen O., (1992). Transboundary Air Pollution And Soil Acidification: A Dynamic Analysis of An Acid Rain Game Between Finland And The Ussr. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2(2), 161-181.

KAMPA, M., and Castanas, E. (2008). Human Health Effects of Air Pollution. Environmental Pollution, 151(2), 362-367.

KELEŞ, R., Hamamcı, C., (1993). Çevre Politikası. İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.

KELEŞ, R., Ertan, B., (2002). Çevre Hukukuna Giriş. İmge Kitabevi, Ankara.

LELİEVELD, J., Berresheim, H., Borrmann, S., Crutzen, P. J., Dentener, F. J., Fischer, H., Fe- ichter, J., Flatau, P. J., Heland, J., Holzinger, R., Korrmann, R., Lawrence, M. G., Levin, Z., Markowicz, K. M., Mihalopoulos, N., Minikin, A., Ramanathan, V., de Reus, M., Roelofs, G. J., Scheeren, H. A., Sciare, J., Schlager, H., Schultz, M., Siegmund, P., Steil, B., Step- hanou, E. G., Stier, P., Traub, M., Warneke, C., Williams, J., Ziereis, H. (2002). Global Air Pollution Crossroads Over The Mediterranean. Science, 298(5594), 794-799.

Lİ, M., and Zhang, L. (2014). Haze In China: Current And Future Challenges. Environmental Pollution, (189), 85-86.

LİN, J., Pan, D., Davis, S. J., Zhang, Q., He, K., Wang, C., Streets, D. G., Wuebbles, D. J., and Guan, D. (2014). China's International Trade And Air Pollution In The United States. Pro- ceedings Of The National Academy Of Sciences, 111(5), 1736-1741.

LOOMİS, D., Yann G., Béatrice Lauby S., Fatiha El G., Véronique B., Lamia Benbrahim T., Kurt S. (2013). The carcinogenicity of outdoor air pollution. The lancet oncology, 14(13), 1262-1263.

MACKERRON, G., and Susana M. (2009). "Life satisfaction and air quality in London." Eco- logical Economics 68.5: 1441-1453.

MİLLS, N. L., Donaldson, K., Hadoke, P. W., Boon, N. A., MacNee, W., Cassee, F. R., Sands- tröm, T., Blomberg, A., and Newby, D. E. (2009). Adverse Cardiovascular Effects Of Air Pollution. Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine, 6(1), 36-44.

ROSENFELD, D., (2000). Suppression of Rain And Snow by Urban and Industrial Air Pollution. Science, 287(5459), 1793-1796.

TAİ, A. P. K., Martin, M. V., and Heald, C. L. (2014). Threat to Future Global Food Security from Climate Change and Ozone Air Pollution. Nature Climate Change, 4(9), 817-821.

TO, T., Zhu, J., Larsen, K., Simatovic, J., Feldman, L., Ryckman, K., Gershon, A., Lougheed, M. D., Licskai, C., Chen, H., Villeneuve, P. J., Crighton, E., Su, Y., Sadatsafavi, M., Willi- ams, D., Carlsten, C., and the Canadian Respiratory Research Network, (2016). Progression From Asthma To Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Is Air Pollution A Risk Factor?. American Journal Of Respiratory And Critical Care Medicine, 194(4), 429-438.

Türkiye'nin Çevre Sorunları, (1995). Türkiye Çevre Vakfı Yayını, Ankara.

ZANNETTİ, P., (2013). Air Pollution Modeling: Theories, Computational Methods and Available Software. Springer Science & Business Media.

http://www.haberler.com (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2017).

http://www.havaizleme.gov.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2017).

http://www.tuik.gov.tr (Erişim Tarihi: 20.06.2017).