Güç Dengesi Teorisi Perspektifinden Birleşmiş Milletler

Güç Dengesi Teorisi, birçok konu ve/veya sorun kapsamında araştırmalara ve çalışmalara teorik ve kavramsal çerçeve sunmuştur. Klasik bağlamda devletler arası ilişkiler ve özellikle XIX. yüzyıl Avrupası bu bakımdan teorinin önemli inceleme alanlarından birisi olmuştur. Diğer taraftan, güç dengesinin çok çeşitli adlandırmalar, tanımlamalar ya da sınıflandırmalar altında incelendiği görülmektedir. Ancak literatürdeki güç dengesi analizlerinden yapılacak bir çıkarsama ile genel olarak güç dengesi şu şekilde aktarılabilir: Aktörlerin güç kapasitesi ve güç durumları açısından birbirlerine karşı üstünlük kurmalarına engel olmaya çalışmaları ve bu kapsamda aktörlerin izledikleri politikalar olarak ifade edilebilir. Söz konusu bakış açısı, uluslararası ilişkiler ve uluslararası politika bakımından, sadece devletler arasında değil aynı zamanda pek çok konu ve alan ya da aktör düzeyinde ele alınabilir. Fakat bu çalışmada teorinin çok tercih edilmediği uluslararası örgütler düzeyi incelenecektir. Bu kapsamda Birleşmiş Milletler, Güç Dengesi Teorisi perspektifinden bakılarak ele alınacaktır. Çalışmada BM’nin devletler tarafından nasıl ve hangi politikalarla bir güç dengesi aracı olarak görüldüğü ve kullanıldığı irdelenecektir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Güç, Güç Dengesi, Güç Dengesi Teorisi, Birleşmiş Milletler

From The Balance of Power Theory Perspective The United Nations

Balance of Power Theory provides theoretical and conceptual framework for researches and studies in many subjects and/or problems. In general, when the studies in the literature are taken into consideration, it is seen that this theory treats the balance of power, as a form of power that emerges as a result of the policies pursued in order to maintain or change the distribution of power in the system between states or alliances. When the study areas of the theory are examined; inter-state relations in the classical context and especially Europe in the XIX. century have become one of the important fields of the study. On the other hand, in terms of international relations and international politics, this perspective can be addressed not only among states but also at the level of a wide range of topics, areas or actors. In this study; the level of international organizations where theory is not preferred much will be examined. In this context, the United Nations will be examined from the perspective of Balance of Power Theory. In this study, the role and function of the UN in terms of balance of power will be questioned. During this questioning, both the Cold War period of the organization and the post-Cold War period of the organization will be examined. In addition, it will examine which policies that the UN is used as a balance of power by the states.

Keywords:

Power, Balance of Power, Balance of Power Theory, United Nations,

PDF

___

1-Baehr P. R., Gordenker, L. (2005) The United Nations: Reality and Ideal, 4. Baskı, Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
2-Bailey S. D., Daws, S. (1995) The United Nations A Concise Political Guide, 3. Baskı, Macmillan Press, London.
3-Brooks, S. G., Wohlforth, W. C. (2005) “Hard Times for Soft Balancing”, International Security, C. 30, S. 1, ss. 72-108.
4-Claude, I. L., Jr. (1962) Power and international relations, Random House, New York.
5-Claude, I. L., Jr. (1989) “The balance of power revisited”, Review of International Studies, C. 15, S. 2, ss. 77–85.
6-Chatterjee, P. (1972) “The Classical Balance of Power Theory”, Journal of Peace Research, C. 9, S. 1, ss. 51-61.
7-Danilovic, V. (2005) When the Stakes Are High Deterrence and Conflict among Major Powers, The University of Michigan Press, Michigan.
8-Duchêne, A. (2008) Ideologies across Nations: The Construction of Linguistic Minorities at the United Nations, Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin.
9-Gordon, J. (2014) “The United Nations Security Council and the Emerging Crisis of Legitimacy”, Yale Journal of International Affairs, C. 9, S. 1, ss. 40-47.
10-Haas, E. B. (1953) “The Balance of Power: Prescription, Concept, or Propaganda”, World Politics, C. 5, S. 4, ss. 442-477.
11-Kaplan, M. A. (1957) “Balance of Power, Bipolarity and Other Models of International Systems”, The American Political Science Review, C. 51, S. 3, ss. 684-695.
12-Keskin, F. (2002) “New Challenges Facing the United Nations”, Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, C. 33, ss. 271-284.
13-Latif, D. (2000) “United Nations’ Changing Role in the Post-Cold War Era”, The Turkish Yearbook of International Relations, C. 30, ss. 23-66.
14-Lim, C. L. (2007) “The Great Power Balance, the United Nations and What the Framers Intended: In Partial Response to Hans Köchler”, Chinese Journal of International Law, C. 6, S. 2, ss. 307-328.
15-Little, R. (2007) The Balance of Power in International Relations: Metaphors, Myths and Models, Cambridge University Press, New York.
16-Lupu, Y. (2006) “Rules, Gaps and Power: Assessing Reform of the U.N. Charter”, Berkeley Journal of International Law, C. 24, S. 3, ss. 881-907.
17-Mearsheimer, J. J. (2013) “Structural Realism”, Tim Dunne, Milja Kurki ve Steve Smith (Ed.); International Relations Theories Discipline and Diversity, 3. Baskı, Oxford University Press, Oxford, ss. 77-93.
18-Morgenthau, H. J. (1948) Politics Among Nations The Struggle For Power, Alfred A. Knopf, New York.
19-Pape, R. A. (2005) “Soft Balancing against the United States”, International Security, C. 30, S. 1, ss. 7-45.
20-Pijovic, N. (2012) “The Relative Gains Theorem and the Stalling United Nations Security Council Membership Reform”, Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, C. 11, S. 4, ss. 32-41.
21-Roskin, M. G., Berry, N. O. (2014) Uluslararası İlişkiler: Uİ’nin Yeni Dünyası (Çev. Özlem Şimşek), 1. Baskı, Adres Yayınları, Ankara.
22-Rudd, K. (2016) “UN 2030: Rebuilding Order in a Fragmenting World”, International Peace Institute, ss. 1-74. https://www.ipinst.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/IPI-ICM-UN-2030-Chairs-Report2FINAL.pdf, (Erişim Tarihi: 21.05.2019).
23-Russell, R. B. (1970) ““Power Politics” and the United Nations”, International Journal, C. 25, S. 2, ss. 321-332.
24-Schweller, R. L. (2016) The Balance of Power in World Politics, https://oxfordre.com/politics/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.001.0001/acrefore-9780190228637-e-119?print=pdf ss. 1-20, (Erişim Tarihi: 10.05.2019)
25-Sengupta, S. (2017) The United Nations Explained: Its Purpose, Power and Problems, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/17/world/americas/united-nations-un-explainer.html (Erişim Tarihi: 01.06.2019).
26-Sheehan, M. (1996) The Balance of Power History and Theory, Routledge, New York.
27-Shraideh, S. A. (2017) “The Security Council’s Veto in the Balance”, Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization, C. 58, ss. 135-145.
28-Thérien, J-P. (2015) “The United Nations Ideology: From Ideas to Global Policies”, Journal of Political Ideologies, C. 20, S. 3, ss. 221-243.29-Walt, S. (1985) “Alliance Formation and the Balance of World Power”, International Security, C. 9, S. 4, ss. 3-43.
30-Wight, M. (1966) “The Balance of Power”, Herbert Butterfield, Martin Wight (Ed.); Diplomatic Investigations Essays in the Theory of International Relations, Cambridge, Harward University Press, Massachusetts, ss. 149-175.
31-Zinnes, D. A. (1967) “An Analytical Study of the Balance of Power Theories”, Journal of Peace Research, C. 4, S. 3, ss. 270-287.