Seray AKALIN, Elif İNAN EROĞLU, Atila GÜLEÇ, AYLİN AYAZ

Yetişkinlerde Konserve Balık Tüketimine Bağlı Ağır Metal Maruziyet Riskinin Değerlendirilmesi

Amaç: Bu çalışma, Ankara piyasasında satılan 7 farklı türe ait (ton, sardalya, somon, uskumru, hamsi, alabalık ve levrek) 66 adet konserve balığın ağır metal içeriklerini analiz etmek ve yetişkin bireylerin ağır metal maruziyet düzeylerinin saptanarak risk değerlendirmesini yapmak amacıyla planlanmış ve yürütülmüştür. Gereç ve Yöntem: Tüm konserve balık örneklerinin ICP-MS (indüktif eşleşmiş plazma-kütle spektrometresi) cihazında kurşun (Pb), kadmiyum (Cd), alüminyum (Al) ve arsenik (As) analizleri yapılmıştır. Yetişkin bireylerin haftada 2 porsiyon konserve balık tüketmeleri halinde maruz kalacakları Pb, Cd, Al ve As düzeyleri hesaplanmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz edilen balıklar içerisinde Pb ve Cd açısından en yüksek içeriğe sahip olan tür ton balığıdır (sırasıyla; 0.12±0.16 mg/kg, 6.41±4.98 mcg/kg). Alüminyum açısından en yüksek konsantrasyona sahip konserve hamsi iken (1.91±0.15 mg/kg), As açısından en yüksek düzey sardalya da (2.16±1.13 mg/kg) belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre yetişkin bireylerde Pb, Cd, Al ve As maruziyetinin Besin ve İlaç İdaresi (FDA) ve Gıda Katkı Maddeleri Ortak FAO/WHO Uzmanlar Komitesi (JECFA) tarafından belirlenen üst limitlerin altında olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuç ve Öneriler: Günümüzde konserve balıklar ulaşılabilirlik ve tüketim kolaylığı nedeniyle tercih edilmektedir. Ancak taze veya konserve balıklar diyetimizde ağır metaller yönünden de potansiyel bir risk olarak gösterilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, piyasada satılan farklı içeriğe sahip konserve balıkların farklı düzeylerde ağır metal içeriğine sahip olduğu ve yetişkinlerin farklı düzeylerde ağır metale maruz kaldığı saptanmıştır. Piyasada satışa sunulan farklı türde konserve balıkların günlük tüketim miktarlarına göre farklı yaş gruplarındaki bireylerin ağır metal maruziyet riskini değerlendiren çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu konuda daha kapsamlı çalışmaların yapılması gerekmektedir.

Evaluation of the Heavy Metal Exposure Risk Due to Canned Fish Consumption in Adults

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the metals lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), aluminium (Al) and arsenic (As) in 66 canned fish from 7 different species (ton, sardine, salmon, mackerel, anchovies, trout and perch) sold in Ankara supermarkets and to determine the heavy metal exposure levels of adult individuals depending on consumption of canned fish and make risk assessment. Materials and Methods: Levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), aluminum (Al) and arsenic (As) of samples were determined using ICP-MS (inductively coupled plasma–mass spectrometry). And the exposure of selected heavy metal levels was calculated that adults would be exposed to if they consume two portions of canned fish per week. Results: The canned tuna which has the highest content in terms of Pb and Cd among the analyzed fish (0.12±0.16 mg/kg, 6.41±4.98 mcg/kg, respectively). While the highest concentration canned anchovy (1.91±0.15 mg/kg) in terms of Al, the highest concentration of As was also determined in canned sardines (2.16±1.13 mg/kg). According to the findings, it was determined that the exposure of Pb, Cd, Al and As in adult individuals was below the upper limits set by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA). Conclusion: At the present time, canned fish are preferred due to their accessibility and ease of consumption. However, fresh or canned fish are also shown as a potential risk for heavy metals in our diet. In this study, it has been determined that canned fish with different content sold in the market have different levels of heavy metal content and adults are exposed to different levels of heavy metal. The number of studies assessing the heavy metal exposure risk of individuals for different age groups according to the amount of daily consumption of different types of canned fish is very scarce. Further studies are required.

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