Yaşlılarda Bilişsel Fonksiyonun Korunması ile İlişkili Diyet Modelleri

Beslenme, yaşlılarda bilişsel bozukluk ve demans riskini azaltabilecek en önemli yaşam tarzı faktörüdür. Epidemiyolojik çalışmalar, bilişsel fonksiyonun azalması ve demansın önlemesinde veya geciktirilmesinde Akdeniz, Hipertansiyonun Önlenmesi için Beslenme Yaklaşımı (DASH) ve Nörodejeneratif Gecikme için Akdeniz-DASH Müdahalesi (MIND) diyeti gibi sağlıklı diyet modellerinin olası koruyucu etkilerini desteklemektedir. Deniz ürünleri, sert kabuklu yemişler, sebze-meyve tüketimi ile bilişsel durum arasında koruyucu bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koyan sınırlı sayıda klinik araştırma bulunmaktadır. Bilişsel sağlığın korunmasında sağlıklı diyet modellerinin tek bir besin ya da besin grubuna göre daha etkili olduğu görüşü öne çıkmaktadır. Yaşlılarda bilişsel sağlığın korunmasında sadece yaşlılık döneminde değil yaşam boyunca sağlıklı beslenmenin benimsenmiş olması önemlidir. Bilişsel fonksiyonun azalması ve demans ile ilgili belirtiler ortaya çıkmadan önce bilişsel yaşlanmanın yavaşlatılması ve önlenmesinde sağlıklı beslenmenin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple yaşlılarda bilişsel sağlığın korunmasında etkili olan diyet modelleri ve etki mekanizmalarını açıklayacak çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Bu derleme makalede, yaşlı bireylerde bilişsel fonksiyonun korunmasında etkili olabilecek diyet modelleri güncel bilgiler ışığında incelenmiştir.

Dietary Patterns Associated with the Maintenance of Cognitive Function in Elderly

Nutrition is the most important lifestyle factor that can reduce the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in elderly. Epidemiological data support the possible protective effects of Mediterranean, Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) and Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) dietary patterns, which are healthy dietary models in preventing or delaying cognitive decline and dementia. Limited number of clinical studies has demonstrated a protective relationship between cognitive outcomes and consumption of seafood, nuts, vegetables and fruits. It is suggested that healthy dietary models are more effective than a single food or food group in preventing cognitive health. In elderly adults, it is important to maintain healthy nutrition not only in old age but throughout the life, to slow down and prevent cognitive aging before symptoms of cognitive decline and dementia occur. Therefore, more clinical research is required with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up times to determine the dietary factors and their underlying mechanisms related cognitive function in aging populations. In this review, dietary models that can be effective in preventing cognitive function in elderly adults were examined in the light of the current knowledge.

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