Hatice ÖZÇALIŞKAN İLKAY, Aslı AKYOL MUTLU

Fonksiyonel Bir Besin: Kinoa

Kinoa, Güney Amerika’nın And Dağları bölgesindeki uygarlıkların tarımından köken alan, günümüzde ise fonksiyonel besin özelliği ile yeniden gündemde olan çift çenekli bir bitkidir. Amaranthaceae familyasına ait olan kinoanın, sistematik ve morfolojik yapısı geleneksel tahıllardan farklı olsa da kinoa tam tahıllar grubuna dahil edilmiştir. Kinoa, kazein proteinine eşdeğer kalitede protein, yağlı tohumların yağ asitleri profiline benzer örüntüde doymamış yağ asitleri, posa, çeşitli vitaminler ve biyoyararlılığı yüksek mineraller içermektedir. Ayrıca aralarında saponinler, fitosteroller, fitoekdisteroidler ve biyoaktif peptitlerin de olduğu fitokimyasalların önemli bir kaynağıdır. İn vitro çalışmalar ve sınırlı sayıda in vivo hayvan çalışması ve klinik çalışmada söz konusu biyoaktif bileşiklerin, özellikle obezite, diyabet, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar ve kanser gibi çeşitli metabolik komplikasyonların oluşma riskinin azaltılmasında olumlu etki sağlayabileceği gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede, kinoanın besin ögesi karakteristikleri, biyoaktif içeriği ve potansiyel sağlık etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. Somut bilimsel kanıtları uygulamaya daha etkin dönüştürebilmek için, kinoa ve bileşenlerinin olası sağlık etkilerini destekleyen, iyi tasarlanmış daha fazla sayıda klinik çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.

A Functional Food: Quinoa

Originating from agriculture of Andean cultures in South America, quinoa is a dicotyledonous plant that is attracting attention as a novel functional food worldwide. Although the systematical and morphological features of quinoa differ from traditional grains, Amaranthaceae family originated quinoa has been incorporated into whole grains group. Quinoa is composed of high-quality protein which is equal to the quality of casein, unsaturated fatty acids which are similar to composition of oilseeds, fiber, a variety of vitamins and highly bioavailable minerals. In addition, quinoa is a good source of phytochemicals including saponins, phytosterols, phytoecdysteroids and bioactive peptides. In vitro studies and a limited number of in vivo animal studies and clinical studies indicated that these bioactive compounds may exert beneficial effects on reducing the risk of metabolic complications such as obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. This review aims to provide an evaluation of nutritional characteristics, bioactive content and possible health effects of quinoa. There is a justified need for well-designed clinical trials demonstrating possible health effects of quinoa and its components, to determine the most effective translational applications of quinoa based on solid scientific evidence.

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