Farklı Miktarlarda Tüketilen Fruktozun, Vücut Ağırlığı ve Bazı Biyokimyasal Parametreler Üzerine Etkisi

Amaç: Bireylerin doğal ve/veya yüksek fruktozlu mısır şurubu olarak günlük diyetle tükettikleri farklı fruktoz miktarlarının antropometrik ölçümler, kan biyokimyasal bulguları ve diğer beslenme parametreleri ile ilişkisinin incelenmesidir. Bireyler ve Yöntem: Çalışma, 90 (41 erkek, 49 kadın) sağlıklı birey (18-65 yıl) üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Bireylerin kişisel özellikleri, fruktoz alımlarını da içeren bazı beslenme alışkanlıkları, beslenme durumları ve fiziksel aktivite durumları belirlenmiş, antropometrik ölçümleri alınmış, bazı biyokimyasal parametreleri analiz edilmiştir. Bulgular: Bireylerin günlük diyetle fruktoz alım ortalaması 42.3±22.73 g’dır ve erkeklerin (49±26.13 g), kadınlara (36.7±17.85 g) göre daha fazla fruktoz tükettikleri belirlenmiştir (p0.05). Sonuç: Yüksek miktarda fruktoz alımının başta obezite olmak üzere insülin direnci, bozulmuş glukoz toleransı, tip 2 diyabet, hiperlipidemi, kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, hiperürisemi, gut ve metabolik sendrom gibi hastalıklar için risk oluşturabileceği göz önünde bulundurulmalı ve günlük diyet enerjisinin %10’dan daha azı meyve gibi doğal fruktoz kaynaklarından sağlanmalıdır.

The Effect of Different Amounts of Fructose Consumption on Some Anthropometric Measurements and Biochemical Parameters

Aim: To determine the relation between daily dietary fructose consumption as natural and high fructose corn syrup with anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical parameters and other nutritional parameters. Subjects and Method: The study was conducted with 90 healthy individuals (41 male, 49 female) aged between 18-65 years. Demographics, nutritional habits, nutritional status and physical activity levels of the participants were determined, anthropometric measurements were evaluated, biochemical parameters were analyzed. Results: The mean daily dietary fructose consumption was 42.3±22.74 g/d, and daily dietary consumption of fructose was higher in males than females (49±26.13 g/d and 36.7±17.85 g/d, p0.05). Conclusion: High fructose consumption may cause major risks for obesity, insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes, hyperlipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, hyperuricemia, gout and metabolic syndrome. So, the healthy preference of fructose source in diets is fruit and the amount of safe dietary intake of fructose should be less than 10% of total energy.

PDF

___

1. Tappy L, Lê KA, Tran C, Paquot N. Fructose and metabolic diseases: New findings, new questions. Nutrition. 2010;26:1044-9.
2. Korkmaz A. Fruktoz: Kronik Hastalıklar için Gizli Bir Tehdit. TAF Prev Med Bull. 2008;7:343-6.
3. Yau AMW, McLaughlin J, Maughan RJ, Gilmore W, Evans GH. The effect of short-term dietary fructose supplementation on gastric emptying rate and gastrointestinal hormone responses in healthy men. Nutrients. 2017;9(3): E258.
4. Melanson KJ, Angelopoulos TJ, Nguyen V, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Rippe JM. High-fructose corn syrup, energy intake and appetite regulation. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(6):1738-44.
5. Elliott SS, Keim NL, Stern JS, Teff T, Havel PJ. Fructose, weight gain and the insulin resistance syndrome. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;76(5):911-22.
6. Balakumar M, Raji L, Prabhu D, Sathishkumar C, Prabu P, Mohan V, et al. High-fructose diet is as detrimental as high-fat diet in the induction of insulin resistance and diabetes mediated by hepatic/pancreatic endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mol Cell Biochem. 2016;423:93-104.
7. Levi B, Werman MJ. Long-term fructose consumption accelerates glycation and several age-related variables in male rats. J Nutr. 1998;128:1442-9.
8. Wu T, Giovvanucci E, Pischon T, Hankinson SE, Ma J, Rifai N, et al. Fructose, glycemic load and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;80(4):1043-9.
9. Montonen J, Järvinen R, Knekt P, Heliövaara M, Reunanen A. Consumption of sweetened beverages and intakes of fructose and glucose predict Type 2 diabetes occurence. J Nutr. 2007;137:1447-54.
10. Aeberli I, Zimmermann MB, Molinari L, Lehmann R, L’allemand D, Spinas GA, et al. Fructose intake is a predictor of LDL particle size in overweight school children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(4):1174-8.
11. Cirillo P, Pellegrino G, Conte S, Maresca F, Pacifico F, Leonardi A, et al. Fructose induces prothrombotic phenotype in human endothelial cells A new role for ‘‘added sugar’’ in cardio-metabolic risk. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2015;40:444-51.
12. Takagawa Y, Berger ME, Hori MT, Tuck ML, Golub MS. Long-term fructose feeding impairs vascular relaxation in rat mesenteric arteries. Am J Hypertens. 2001;14(8 Pt 1):811-7.
13. Stanhope KL, Schwarz JM, Keim NL, Griffen SC, Bremer AA, Graham JL, et al. Consuming fructosesweetened, not glucose-sweetened, beverages increases visceral adiposity and lipids and decreases insulin sensitivity in overweight/obese humans. J Clin Invest. 2009;119(5):1322-4.
14. Parks EJ, Hellerstein MK. Carbohydrate-induced hypertriacylglycerolemia: historical perspective and review of biological mechanisms. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;71(2):412-33.
15. Thornburn AW, Storlien LH, Jenins AB, Khouri S, Kraegen EW. Fructose-induced in vivo insulin resistance and elevated plasma triglyceride levels in rats. Am J Clin Nutr. 1989;49(6):1155-63.
16. Spruss A, Bergheim I. Dietary fructose and intestinal barrier: potential risk factor in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. J Nutr Biochem. 2009;20(9):657–62.
17. IOM. Nutrient Recommendations: Dietary Reference Intakes (DRI). Available at: https://ods.od.nih.gov/ Health_Information/Dietary_Reference_Intakes.aspx. Accessed February 4, 2019.
18. WHO. Obesity: preventing and managing the global epidemic. Report of a WHO Consultation. WHO Technical Report Series 894. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2000. Available at: http://www.who.int/ healthinfo. Accessed February 4, 2019.
19. Han TS, Van Leer EM, Seidell JC, Lean MEJ. Waist circumference action levels in the identification of cardiovascular risk factors: Prevalence study in a random sample. BMJ. 1995;311:1401-5.
20. Lee R, Nieman DC. Anthropometry. In: Lee R, Nieman DC, editors. Nutritional Assessment. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2002. p. 223-288.
21. Johnson RJ, Segal MS, Sautin Y, Nakagawa T, Feig DI, Kang D, et al. Potential role of sugar (fructose) in the epidemic hypertension, obesity and the metabolic syndrome, diabetes, kidney disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007;86(4):899-906.
22. Livesey G, Taylor R. Fructose consumption and consequences for glycation, plasma triacylglycerol and body weight: meta-analyses and meta-regression models of intervention studies. Am J Clin Nutr. 2008;88(5):1419- 37.
23. Ludwig DS, Peterson KE, Gortmaker SL. Relation between consumption of sugar sweetened drinks and childhood obesity: a prospective, observational analysis. Lancet. 2001;357:505-8.
24. Zubiría MG, Alzamendi A, Moreno G, Rey MA, Spinedi E, Giovambattista A. Long-term fructose intake increases adipogenic potential: evidence of direct effects of fructose on adipocyte precursor cells. Nutrients. 2016;8:198.
25. Wang Y, Beydoun MA. The obesity epidemic in the United States-gender, age, socioeconomic, racial/ethnic, and geographic characteristics: a systematic review and meta-regression analysis. Epidemiol Rev. 2007;29:6-28.
26. Bellisle F, Drewnowski A. Intense sweeteners, energy intake and the control of body weight. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(6):691-700.
27. Melanson KJ, Zukley L, Lowndes J, Nguyen V, Angelopoulos TJ, Rippe JM. Effects of high-fructose corn syrup and sucrose consumption on circulating glucose, insulin, leptin, and ghrelin and on appetite in normalweight women. Nutrition. 2007;23:103-12.
28. Havel PJ. Dietary fructose: implications for dysregulation of energy homeostasis and lipid/carbohydrate metabolism. Nutr Rev. 2005;63(5):133-57.
29. Chotiwat C, Sharp C, Teff K, Harris RBS. Feeding a highfructose diet induces leptin resistance in rats. Appetite. 2007;49:272-341.
30. Brown CM, Dulloo AG, Yepuri G, Montani J. Fructose ingestion acutely elevates blood pressure in healthy young humans. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol. 2008;294(3):730-7.
31. Gordish KL, Ortiz PA, Garvin JL, Beierwaltes WH. Enhanced dietary fructose rapidly induces salt-sensitive hypertension in rats. Experimental Biology, April 2-6, 2016, San Diego. The FASEB Journal 2016;30(1):1216.
32. Jurgens H, Haass W, Castañeda TR, Schurmann A, Koebnick C, Dombrowski F, et al. Consuming fructosesweetened beverages increases body adiposity in mice. Obes Res. 2005;13(7):1146-56.
33. Dolan L, Potter S, Burdock G. Evidence-based review on the effect of normal dietary consumption of fructose on blood lipids and body weight of overweight and obese individuals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2010;50:889-918.
34. Hallfrisch J. Metabolic effects of dietary fructose. FASEB J. 1990;4:2652-60.
35. Hannou SA, McKeown NM, Herman MA. Fructose metabolism and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2018;128(2):545-55.
36. Faeh D, Minehira K, Schwarz JM, Periasami R, Seongsu P, Tappy L. Effect of fructose overfeeding and fish oil administration on hepatic de novo lipogenesis and insulin sensitivity in healthy men. Diabetes. 2000;54:1907–13.
37. Bantle JP, Raatz SK, Thomas W, Georgopoulos A. Effects of dietary fructose on plasma lipids in healthy subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 2000;72(5):1128-34.
38. Stanhope KL, Havel PJ. Fructose consumption: Considerations for future research on its effects on adipose distribution, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity in humans. J Nutr. 2009;139(6):1236-41.