Türkiye’de Temassız Ödemelerin Gelişiminde COVID-19 Pandemisinin Rolü ve Temassız Ödemelere Etki Eden Faktörlerin Analizi

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Türkiye’de temassız özellikli kartların kullanım düzeyinde yıllar içinde meydana gelen değişimi incelemek ve temassız kart kullanımına etki eden demografik ve sosyo-ekonomik faktörleri analiz etmektir. Bu amaçla ilk olarak, Bankalararası Kart Merkezi’nin (BKM) 2010-2020 yıllarına ait verileri ile temassız kartların bireyler tarafından benimsenme düzeyi incelenmiştir. 2018 yılından itibaren kullanım sıklığında artış gözlenen temassız kartların COVID-19 pandemisi ile birlikte 2020 yılının sonunda her dört kartlı alışverişten birinde kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmanın bir sonraki aşamasında, Türkiye Cumhuriyet Merkez Bankası (TCMB) tarafından, 2020 yılında uygulanan Nakit Kullanım Alışkanlıkları Anketinden alınan veri seti ile bireylerin temassız kart kullanımı incelenmiş ve temassız kartların kullanımına etki eden faktörler probit modeliyle analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlar, bireylerin geliri, finansal okuryazarlığı ve eğitim düzeyindeki artışın temassız kart kullanma olasılığını artırdığını göstermektedir. Kadınların temassız kart kullanma olasılıkları erkeklere göre daha yüksek çıkarken evli olmanın temassız kart kullanma olasılığını düşürdüğü gözlenmiştir. Ayrıca, sonuçlar düşük harcama tutarlarında temassız kart kullanma olasılığının daha yüksek olduğunu ve ödemelerde genellikle nakit tercih eden bireylerin temassız kullanma olasılıklarının daha düşük olduğunu göstermektedir.

Development of Contactless Card Payments in Turkey

ears and to analyze the demographic and socio-economic factors that affect the usage of contactless cards in Turkey. For this purpose, firstly, the adoption level of the contactless cards by individuals is examined using the Interbank Card Center data for the period between 2010 and 2020. It is noteworthy that along with the COVID-19 epidemic, contactless cards are used in one of every four card payments at the end of 2020. Secondly, by using the results of the Cash Usage Habits Survey which is conducted by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey in 2020, the usage of contactless cards are investigated and the factors that affect the usage of this cards are analyzed with a probit model. The results show that as the likelihood of using a contactless card increases with income, financial literacy and education levels. While women are more likely to use contactless cards than men, it has been observed that being married reduces the probability of using a contactless card. The results also show that the likelihood of using the contactless card at low value payments is more likely and individuals who generally prefer cash for payments are less likely to use contactless cards.

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