Esra ALP COŞKUN

345

Rasyonel Birey Düşüncesinin Evrimi ve Bilişsel Kısayollar

Geleneksel iktisat ve finans teorilerinde geçerli olan bireyin kararlarında tam bir rasyonaliteye sahip olduğu şeklindeki varsayımın dayanağı antik çağlarda Yunan filozofların insanın evrendeki önemine ilişkin geliştirdikleri düşüncelere kadar uzanmaktadır. İnsanın diğer canlılardan düşünme ve sorgulama yeteneği ile ayrıldığını savunan görüşler bireye mükemmel bir rasyonel düşünme yetisi atfetmiştir. Ancak gerek Galileo ve Kepler gibi bilim insanlarının dünyanın evrendeki konumuna yönelik buluşları gerek Heisenberg ve Einstein gibi fizikçilerin belirsizliği içeren atom modelleri bireyin bilgiye tam olarak erişme ve erişse dahi söz konusu bilgiyi mükemmel şekilde analiz etme yeteneğini sorgulatmıştır. Karar alma teorilerinde sınırlı rasyonalite kavramı gündeme gelmiştir ancak davranışsal finansın ortaya çıkışı ile beynin işleyiş mekanizmasının yol açabildiği bazı bilişsel kısayolların (hevristiklerin) bireyi irrasyonel kararlar almaya ittiği, sınırlı olan rasyonalitenin tamamen ortadan kalkabildiği durumlar olduğu görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, rasyonel birey düşüncesinin geçirdiği değişim tarihsel süreci içinde anlatılmakta, en yaygın kabul gören hevristikler açıklanarak, literatürde görülen diğer hevristikler de özetlenmektedir.

The Evolution of the Notion of Rational Individual and Cognitive Heuristics

The assumption of perfect rationality which is widely accepted in conventional economics and finance goes back to the notion of ancient Greek philosophers about the importance of human in the universe. The argument on reasoning and questioning as distinctive features of human attributes to perfect rationality. However, either the inventions of Galileo and Kepler about the position of earth in the universe or atomic models of physicists such as Heisenberg and Einstein which considers the uncertainty have raised doubts about the possibility of an individual to get full information or to have the required cognitive abilities for a perfect analysis. The notion of bounded rationality has been argued in decision making theories, on the other hand associated with the growing number of behavioral finance studies, it has been observed that an individual may behave irrationally based on the heuristics caused by the mechanism of brain activities. In this study, the evolution of the rational individiual idea has been argued in its historical process, the heuristics which are widely accepted in the literature have been explained and other heuristics in economics and finance literature have been summarized.
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Bankacılar-Cover
  • ISSN: 1300-0217
  • Başlangıç: 1990
  • Yayıncı: Türkiye Bankalar Birliği
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