İlker ŞİMŞEK, Özgür KUZUKIRAN, Ayhan FİLAZİ

Sucul Ortamlarda Nanopartikül Toksisitesi

Nanopartiküller (NP’ler) 1 ile 100 nm arasında bulunan partiküllere verilen isimdir. NP’ler normal malzemelerden farklı belirli fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinden dolayı ticari kullanım için yapay olarak sentezlenmekte, endüstriyel üretim esnasında kasıtsız bir yan ürün veya doğal olarak meydana gelmektedir. Her gün gelişmekte olan nanoteknoloji, elektronik, tıp, inşaat, kozmetik, tekstil, otomotiv, çevre, gıda, ev aletleri, yenilebilir enerji, petrol, tarım, matbaacılık, spor ve sağlık gibi alanlarda kullanılmaktadır. En yaygın kullanılan NP’ler ise gümüş (Ag), titanyum (Ti) ve silikon dioksit (SiO2) veya karbon (C) tabanlı olanlardır. Ticari olarak üretilen NP’ler, üretim aşamalarında veya yaşam döngülerinin son aşamasında atık ürünler olarak sucul ortama deşarj edilebilmektedir. Bu NP’ler yüzey veya yeraltı suyu ortamlarına geçebilmektedir. Su kaynaklarına doğrudan, yağış veya topraktan süzülüp gelen NP’ler balık, kabuklular ve hatta tek hücreli organizmalar gibi sucul organizmalara yönelik önemli etkilere neden olabilmektedirler. Sucul organizmalar NP’lere solungaçları, yutma, dermal temas, hücrelere adsorpsiyon gibi yollarla maruz kalmaktadırlar. NP’ler canlılarda lipid peroksidasyonuna, hücre yapısının bozulmasına, mitokondride bozulmaya, protein oksidasyonuna ve DNA hasarı gibi etkilere neden olmaktadırlar. NP’ler çevresel risk değerlendirmeleri çoğunlukla tüm risk faktörlerini dikkate almayan standart laboratuvar koşulları altında gerçekleştirilmektedir. Bu nedenle çevre ve atık su ortamları gibi karmaşık ortamlara salınan NP’lerin bu ortamlardaki davranışları laboratuvar ortamından farklı olabilmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Nanopartikül, Nano teknoloji, Toksisite, Suda yaşayan canlılar

Nanoparticle Toxicity in Aquaculture

Nanoparticles (NPs) are the name given to particles that exist between 1 and 100 nm. NPs are synthesized artificially for commercial use due to certain physical and chemical properties different from normal materials, occur as an unintentional by-product during industrial production, or occur naturally. Nanotechnology, which is developing every day, is used in fields such as electronics, medicine, construction, cosmetics, textiles, automotive, environment, food, household appliances, renewable energy, petroleum, agriculture, printing, sports and health. The most commonly used NPs are those based on silver (Ag), titanium (Ti), and silicon dioxide (SiO2) or carbon (C). Commercially produced NPs can be discharged into the aquatic environment as waste products during the production stages or at the final stage of their life cycle. These NPs can migrate to surface or groundwater environments. NPs that leach into water sources directly from precipitation or soil can cause significant effects on aquatic organisms such as fish, crustaceans and even single cell organisms. Aquatic organisms are exposed to NPs through gills, ingestion, dermal contact, and adsorption to cells. NPs cause effects such as lipid peroxidation, disruption of cell structure, deterioration in mitochondria, protein oxidation and DNA damage in living things. Environmental risk assessments of NPs are often performed under standard laboratory conditions that do not consider all risk factors. Because of that the behavior of NPs released into complex environments such as environment and wastewater environments may be different from the laboratory environment.

Keywords:

Nanoparticle, Nano technology, Toxicity, Aquatic creatures,

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