Halil İbrahim OĞUZ, İlbilge OĞUZ, Osman GÖKDOĞAN, Nesibe Ebru KAFKAS

DÜNYADA VE TÜRKİYE’DE KURT ÜZÜMÜ YETİŞTİRİCİLİĞİNE GENEL BİR BAKIŞ

Kurt üzümü Doğu, Güneydoğu Asya ve Güney Afrika’nın hem ılıman hem de tropikal bölgelerinde yetişen doğal bir bitkisidir. Goji berry (Lycium spp.) ya da "Wolfberry" diye bilinen kurt üzümünün anavatanı Çin olup, çoğunlukla Tibet ve Moğolistan’da dünyanın en yüksek dağları olan Himalayalar’da bile yetişebilmektedir. Botanik olarak Lycium cinsine ait, kurt üzümü adıyla bilinen ve bütün dünyada ticari olarak tarımı yapılan 3 türü olup bunlar; Lycium barbarum Linne (2n=24), Lycium chinense Miller (n=12), Lycium ruthenicum Murr (n=12) türleridir. Bu üç yaygın türe ek olarak dünyada yetişen 72 türü bulunmaktadır. Ticari olarak en yaygın yetiştirilen L. barbarum türüdür. Bu tür çoğunlukla Çin’in kuzeyinde Ningxia Hui bölgesi ve batısında Xinjigang Uygur bölgesinde yetiştirilmektedir. Son yıllarda kurt üzümü bitkisinin tıbbi aromatik bitkiler açısından değerinin yüksek olması, Dünyada ve Türkiye’de üretimine ve tüketimine talebin fazla olması nedeniyle araştırıcıların dikkatini çekmektedir. Kurt üzümü bitkileri ılıman iklime sahip hemen hemen her bölgede yetiştirilebilmektedir. Dünyada en yoğun olarak Çin’de üretilmekte olup, meyveleri kurutularak Avrupa’ya ve diğer dünya ülkelerine ihraç edilmektedir. Bu çalışmada amaç, kurt üzümü bitkisinin botanik özellikleri ve yetiştiriciliğinin tarihsel değerlendirilmesi, Dünyada ve Türkiye’de yaygın olarak yetiştirilen tür ve çeşitleri, üretim açısından dağılım alanları, tüketim ve teknolojik ürün olarak değerlendirme şekli, pazarlama durumu, insan sağlığı açısından faydaları, çoğaltma ve üretim tekniği konularında bilgi vermektir.

AN OVERVIEW OF WOLFBERRY CULTIVATION IN THE WORLD AND IN TURKEY

Wolfberry is a herb growing naturally in both the mild and tropical areas of East, Southeast Asia and Southern Africa. Also known as wolfberry (Lycium spp.), the motherland of wolfberry is China and it can even be grown in Himalaya, the highest points of Tibet and Mongolia. In botanical terms, there are three types of Lycium species known as wolfberry and commercially grown in the whole world, and these are; Lycium barbarum Linne (2n=24), Lycium chinense Miller (n=12), Lycium ruthenicum Murr (n=12). In addition to these three common types, there are 72 other types grown in different parts of the world. The most common commercially grown types is L. barbarum. This type is mostly being grown in Ningxia Hui area of Northern China and Xinjigang Uygur region in the western part. The high medical aromatic value of wolfberry led to an increased production and demand in the world in recent years, which took the attention of researchers. Wolfberry plants can be grown in almost every region with a mild climate. It is mostly being produced in China and its fruits are dried and sent to Europe and other parts of the world. The purpose of this study is to make a historic assessment of botanic properties and cultivation of wolfberry plant and providing information on the types and cultivars grown commonly in the world and in Turkey, distribution areas of production, consumption and use as a technologic product, marketing status, benefits for human health, multiplication and production techniques.

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