Beliren Yetişkin Üniversite Öğrencileri Arasındaki Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı ve Sosyal Medya Kullanım Motivasyonları

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, beliren yetişkin üniversite öğrencileri arasındaki sosyal medya kullanım motivasyonlarını (sosyal bağlılık, eğlence, sosyal tanınma, bilgi) ve bu motivasyonların sosyal medya bağımlılığıyla ile ilişkisini incelemektir. Yöntem: Nicel araştırma yönteminin kullanıldığı bu çalışmada, veriler Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılık Ölçeği (BSMAS) ve Sosyal Ağ Sitelerini Kullanma Güdüleri Ölçeği’ni (SMU-SNS) tamamlayan beliren yetişkin üniversite öğrencilerden (N = 446) toplanmıştır. Bulgular: Bulgular sosyal bağlılık ve sosyal tanınma motivasyonlarıyla sosyal medya bağımlılığı arasında orta derecede güçlü ve olumlu bir ilişki olduğunu göstermiştir. Bulgular ayrıca, kadınların ve kampüste yaşayan öğrencilerin daha sık sosyal medya bağımlılığı yaşadıklarını da ortaya koydu. Sonuç: Bu çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular, sosyal medya bağımlılığıyla sosyal medya kullanım motivasyonları arasındaki ilişkinin daha fazla anlaşılmasının önemli olabileceğine dair anlamlı sonuçlar olduğu fikrine geniş destek sağlamıştır.

Addictive Use of Social Media and Motivations for Social Media Use Among Emerging Adult University Students

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine motivations for social media use (social connectedness, entertainment, social recognition, information) and its relationship with the addictive use of social media among emerging adult university students. Method: In this quantitative study, data were collected from emerging adult university students (N = 446) who completed The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites (SMU-SNS). Results: The findings showed a moderately strong, positive relationship between addictive use of social media and social connectedness and social recognition motivations. The findings also revealed that females and on-campus students more frequently experience the addictive use of social media than males and off-campus students. Conclusion: The findings from this study provided broad support for the notion that there are significant results that it may still be important to explore a further understanding of the link between the addictive use of social media and different motivations for social media use.

___

  • 1. Perrin A, Anderson M. Social Media Use in the U.S. Washington DC: Pew Research Center, 2019.
  • 2. Perrin A, Anderson M. Share of U.S. adults using social media, including Facebook, is mostly unchanged since 2018. Pew Research center: Fact Tank, 10.04.2019.
  • 3. Smith A, Anderson M. Social Media Use in 2018. Washington DC: Pew Research Center, 2018.
  • 4. Stieger S. Facebook usage and life satisfaction. Front Psychol 2019; 10: 2711.
  • 5. Tromholt M. The facebook experiment: quitting facebook leads to higher levels of well-being. Cyberpsychol Behav Social Netw 2016; 19: 661–666.
  • 6. Kross E, Verduyn P, Demiralp E, et al. Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PloS One 2013; 8(8): e69841.
  • 7. Primack BA, Shensa A, Escobar-Viera CG, et al. Use of multiple social media platforms and symptoms of depression and anxiety: A nationally-representative study among U.S. young adults. Comput Hum Behav 2017; 69: 1-9.
  • 8. Bekalu MA, McCloud RF, Viswanath K. Association of social media use with social well-being, positive mental health, and self-rated health: Disentangling routine use from emotional connection to use. Health Educ Behav 2019; 46(Suppl 2): 69–80.
  • 9. Vannucci A, Flannery KM, Ohannessian CM. Social media use and anxiety in emerging adults. J Affect Disord 2017; 207: 163–166.
  • 10. Shensa A, Escobar-Viera CG, Sidani JE, et al. Problematic social media use and depressive symptoms among U.S. young adults: A nationally-representative study. Soc Sci Med 2017; 182: 150–157.
  • 11. Vannucci A, Ohannessian CM, Gagnon S. Use of multiple social media platforms in relation to psychological functioning in emerging adults. Emerg Adulthood 2019; 7(6): 501-506.
  • 12. Amichai-Hamburger Y, Vinitzky G. Social network use and personality. Comput Human Behav. 2010; 26(6): 1289-1295.
  • 13. Caci B, Cardaci M, Miceli S. Development and maintenance of self-disclosure on facebook: the role of personality traits. SAGE Open 2019; 9(2): doi:10.1177/2158244019856948.
  • 14. Jackson LA, Wang JL. Cultural differences in social networking site use: A comparative study of China and the United States. Comput Hum Behav 2013; 29(3): 910-921.
  • 15. Thomas V, Balzer CB, Azmitia M, Whittaker S. Alone and online: Understanding the relationships between social media, solitude, and psychological adjustment. Psychol. Pop. Media 2020; doi: 10.1037/ppm0000287.
  • 16. Andreassen CS, Billieux J, Griffiths MD, et al. The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychol Addict Behav 2016; 30(2): 252–262.
  • 17. Andreassen CS, Griffiths MD, Gjertsen SR, et al. The relationships between behavioral addictions and the fivefactor model of personality. J Behav Addict. 2013; 2: 90-99.
  • 18. Andreassen CS, Torsheim T, Brunborg GS, Pallesen S. Development of a Facebook Addiction Scale. Psychol Rep 2012; 110: 501-517.
  • 19. Andreassen CS, Pallesen S, Griffiths MD. The relationship between addictive use of social media, narcissism, and self-esteem: Findings from a large national survey. Addict Behav 2017; 64: 287-293.
  • 20. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Social networking sites and addiction: ten lessons learned. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017; 14(3): 311.
  • 21. Ryan T, Chester A, Reece J, Xenos S. The uses and abuses of Facebook: A review of Facebook addiction. J Behav Addict. 2014; 3(3): 133-148.
  • 22. Alhabash S, Ma M. A tale of four platforms: motivations and uses of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat among college students? Soc Media Soc 2017; 3(1): doi: 10.1177/2056305117691544.
  • 23. Lampe C, Ellison N, Steinfield C. Changes in Use and Perception of Facebook. Proceedings of the ACM Conference on Comput Support Coop Work (CSCW) 2008; 721-730.
  • 24. Al-Menayes J. Motivations for using social media: An exploratory factor analysis. Int J Psychol Res 2015; 7(1): 43-50.
  • 25. Park NK, Valenzuela KS. Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. Cyberpsychol Behav 2009; 12(6): 729-733.
  • 26. Krasnova H, Veltri NF, Eling N, Buxmann P. Why men and women continue to use social networking sites: The role of gender differences. J Strateg Inf Syst. 2017; 26: 261-284.
  • 27. Follows D. How Women and Men Use the Internet. Washington DC: Pew Research Center, 2005 (December 28).
  • 28. Balcerowska JM, Bereznowski P, Biernatowska A, et al. Is it meaningful to distinguish between Facebook addiction and social networking sites addiction? Psychometric analysis of Facebook addiction and social networking sites addiction scales. Curr Psychol. 2020; doi: 10.1007/s12144-020-00625-3.
  • 29. Hou Y, Xiong D, Jiang T, et al. Social media addiction: Its impact, mediation, and intervention. Cyberpsychology (Brno) 2019; 13(1): Article 4.
  • 30. Pantic I, Damjanovic A, Todorovic J, et al. Association between online social networking and depression in high school students: Behavioral physiology viewpoint. Psychiatr Danub. 2012; 24: 90–93.
  • 31. Jelenchick LA, Eickhoff JC, Moreno MA. “Facebook depression?” Social networking site use and depression in older adolescents. J Adolesc Health 2013; 52: 128-130.
  • 32. Pertegal MÁ, Oliva A, Rodríguez-Meirinhos A. Development and validation of the Scale of Motives for Using Social Networking Sites (SMU-SNS) for adolescents and youths. PloS One 2019; 14(12): e0225781.
  • 33. Lin LY, Sidani JE, Shensa A, et al. Association between social media use and depression among US young adults. Depress Anxiety 2016; 33: 323-331.
  • 34. Arnett JJ, Žukauskienė R, Sugimura K. The new life stage of emerging adulthood at ages 18–29 years: Implications for mental health. Lancet Psychiatry 2014; 1(7): 569-576.
  • 35. Aladwani AM. Gravitating towards Facebook (GoToFB): What it is? and How can it be measured? Comput Hum Behav 2014; 33: 270-278.
  • 36. Cheung CMK, Chiu PY, Lee MKO. Online social networks: Why do students use Facebook? Comput Hum Behav 2011; 27(4): 1337-1343.
  • 37. Sheldon P. Student favorite: Facebook & motives for its use. South Commun J 2008; 23: 39-55.
  • 38. Phanasathit M., Manwong M., Hanprathet N, et al. Validation of the Thai version of Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (Thai-BFAS). J Med Assoc Thai 2015; 98(2):108-117.
  • 39. Wang CW, Ho RTH, Chan CLW, Tse S. Exploring personality characteristics of Chinese adolescents with internet-related addictive behaviors: Trait differences for gaming addiction and social networking addiction. Addict Behav 2015; 42: 32–35.
  • 40. Cohen J. Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed.) 1988. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates.
  • 41. Noguti V, Singh S. Waller DS. Gender differences in motivations to use social networking sites. In Management Association, I. (Ed.), Social Media Marketing: Breakthroughs in Research and Practice 1988; 680-695. IGI Global.
  • 42. Noguti V. Post language and user engagement in online content communities. Eur J Mark 2016; 50(5/6): 695- 723.
  • 43. Allen J, Robbins SB, Casillas A, Oh IS. Third-year college retention and transfer: effects of academic performance, motivation, and social connectedness. Res High Educ 2008; 49(7): 647-664.
  • 44. Joinson AN. 'Looking at', 'looking up' or 'keeping up with' people? Motives and uses of Facebook. In Con Hum Factor Comput Syst 2008; 1027-1036.
  • 45. Błachnio A, Przepiorka A, Pantic I. Association between Facebook addiction, self-esteem and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study. Comput Hum Behav 2016; 55: 701-705.