Hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarına yönelik algıladıkları engeller

Türkiye’de hemşirelerin sağlığını işyeri risklerinin yanı sıra yaşam biçimiyle ilişkili riskler tehdit etmekte, hemşireler yeterli düzeyde sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını sergileyememektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, hastanede çalışan hemşirelerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarına yönelik algıladıkları engelleri belirlemektir. Beş odak grup görüşmesi yapılan bu nitel çalışmada, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemiyle seçilmiş hastanede çalışan 31 hemşireyle yüz yüze görüşülmüştür. Veri, tümevarımsal içerik analizi tekniği kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İş ile ilgili engeller (yoğun çalışma, nöbetli çalışma ve kurumsal destek eksikliği), bireysel engeller (bilgi eksikliği ve sağlığa özen göstermeme) ve sosyal engeller (ailevi sorumluluklar ve kültürel alışkanlıklar) olarak üç ana tema belirlenmiş ve tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçları, Türkiye'de hastanelerde çalışan hemşirelerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarının önündeki engelleri vurgulamıştır. Hemşirelerin sağlıklı yaşam biçimi davranışlarını başlatma ve sürdürme konusunda algıladıkları engellere dair derin bilgi, hemşirelerin yaşam biçimiyle ilgili risk faktörlerini azaltmak için işyeri sağlığı geliştirme programlarının geliştirilmesine rehberlik edebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hastane, hemşire, odak grup, sağlıklı yaşam biçimi

Barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors perceived by nurses working in hospitals

In Turkey, nurses’ health is threatened by risks related to lifestyle as well as risks at the workplace, and they cannot exhibit enough healthy lifestyle behaviors. This study was conducted to determine barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors perceived by nurses working in hospitals. In this qualitative study, in which five face-to-face focus-group interviews were held, 31 nurses working in a hospital selected by purposive sampling method were interviewed. The data were analyzed using the inductive content analysis technique. Three main themes, namely, work-related barriers (working hard, shift work, and lack of institutional support), individual barriers (lack of knowledge and failure to take care of health), and social barriers (family responsibilities and cultural habits), were identified and described. This study highlighted the barriers to healthy lifestyle behaviors perceived by nurses working in hospitals in Turkey. Deep knowledge of the barriers nurses perceive to initiating and maintaining healthy lifestyle behaviors can guide the development of workplace health promotion programs to reduce risk factors related to nurses' lifestyles.

Keywords:

Focus groups, healthy lifestyle, hospital, nurse.,

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