Forced Population Movements as a Current Ethical Dilemma and the Possibilities of Collective Action

Sığınmacı krizi günümüzde zamanın ruhunu belirleyen, uluslararası toplumu zorlayan en önemli ekonomik, siyasal, çevresel ve demografik olgu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Krizin tarihsel çok boyutlu bir okuması bize ‘Arap Baharı’ sonrası ortaya çıkan, özellikle Suriye kökenli nüfus hareketinin aslında münferit ve öngörülemeyen talihsiz bir tesadüf olmadığını göstermektedir. Bu sebeple sığınmacı krizini çözmek için kısıtlayıcı olmayan geniş kapsamlı bir yaklaşımın sınır ötesi ve uluslararası seviyede üretilmesi ve çözüme yönelik bir yasal çerçevenin ivedilikle tartışmaya açılması gerekmektedir. Bu çalışma, günümüzdeki sığınmacı krizine tarihsel bir bakış açısı ile bakmayı ve uluslararası hukukun sığınmacı rejiminin gelişimini anlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bunu yaparken de çağdaş uluslararası toplumun konu ile ilgili olarak kolektif eyleme geçme kapasitesini incelemeyi hedefemektedir. Sığınmacı tarihi, devletlerin, karşılaştıkları krizler temelinde olumludan olumsuza, olumsuzdan eylemsizliğe sürekli tavır değiştirmeleri nedeniyle, sorun çözücü, kesintisiz ve lineer bir çizgide ilerlememiştir. Süreç içerisinde uluslararası örgütler ve sivil toplum kuruluşlarının katılımıyla büyüyen küresel yönetişime rağmen, devletler hala sığınmacı rejiminin temel belirleyici aktörleridir. Bu nedenle, devletin dahil olduğu her normatif bağlamda olduğu gibi, sığınmacı krizi bağlamında da etik ikilemler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma son olarak süregiden sığınmacı krizinin yarattığı en güncel etik ikilem olarak Avrupa Birliği-Türkiye arasındaki sığınmacı anlaşmasına değinecektir.

Forced Population Movements as a Current Ethical Dilemma and the Possibilities of Collective Action

The spirit of our times has been increasingly determined by refugee crisis and asylum institutions. If one could read the ongoing economic, political, environmental and demographic crises correctly, a refugee crisis would not have been treated as unexpected, unfortunate singular coincidence. A comprehensive, non-proscriptive approach with a collective, multilevel engagement must urgently be generated by the international community to create an all-encompassing legal consciousness. This paper seeks to delve into the question of the current refugee crisis from an historical point of view and recount the progress of the international refugee regime. In doing that it will also discuss the possi- bility of the launch of a collective action by the international community in the present. Refugee history is not progressive; it has not linearly proceeded towards comprehensive solutions. There are ruptures, retreats, changes of attitude -from positive to negative, from negative to inaction. Despite the growing global governance with the participation of international and non-governmental organizations, states are still the major actors in the refugee regime. The dominant role of the states in managing the refugee crisis creates an ethical dilemma, as is the case in every normative context state is involved. This paper, therefore, will finally assess the ethical dilemma unveiled by the recent EU-Turkey refugee deal.

Keywords:

refugee crisis, EU-Turkey relations, forced population collective action,

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