Konukçu-Patojen İlişkisinde Model Bir Bitki: Arabidopsis thaliana

Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis)’nın kromozom sayısının az olması, bu bitkinin genetik yapısının diğer bitki türlerine göre daha kolay çalışılmasına olanak sağlamakta, ayrıca diğer bitkilerde patojenlere karşı gözlenen ana savunma mekanizmaları bu bitkide de bulunmaktadır. Bu açıdan, konukçu bitkilerin patojen saldırılarına karşı savunma mekanizmalarını çalışma konusunda Arabidopsis bitkisi ideal bir model sistem oluşturmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, patojenlere karşı bitki savunma mekanizmasının genetiğini anlamada Arabidopsis’in bir şablon olarak nasıl kullanıldığını, bitki ekotiplerinin patojen izolatlarına karşı gösterdiği farklılıkları (duyarlılık ve dayanıklılık) ortaya koyacak inceleme metodlarını açıklamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Arabidopsis thaliana, Peronospora parasitica, hastalıklara dayanıklılık, mutant bitkiler

PDF

___

Aarts, N., M. Metz, E. Holub, B.J. Staskawicz, M.J. Daniels, J. Parker. 1998. Different requirements for EDS1 and NDR1 by disease resistance genes define at least two R gene-mediated signalling pathways in Arabidopsis. P. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 96: 10307-10311.
Adam, L., S.C. Somerville. 1996. Genetic characterisation of five powdery mildew disease resistance loci in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Journal, 9: 341-356.
Adam, L., S. Ellwood, I. Wilson, S. Xiao, G. Saenz, R. Oliver, J.G. Turner, S. Somerville. 1999. Comparison of Erysiphe cichoracearum and E. cruciferarum and a survey of 360 Arabidopsis thaliana accessions for resistance to these two powdery mildew pathogens. Mol. Plant-Mic. Int., 12:10311043.
Bent, A.F., B.N. Kunkel, D. Dahlbeck, K.L. Schmidt 1994. RPS2 of Arabidpsis thaliana: a leucine-rich repeat class of plant disease resistance genes. Science, 265 (1994): 1856-1860.
Bittner-Eddy, P., C. Can, N. Gunn, M. Pinel, M. Tor, I. Crute, E. Holub and J. Beynon. 1999. Genetic and physical mapping of the RPP13 locus in Arabidopsis responsible for specific recognition of several Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew) isolates. Plant Journal, 21: 177-188.
Botella, M.A., J.E. Parker, L.N. Frost, P.D. Bittner-Eddy, J.L. Beynon,M.J. Daniels, E.B. Holub, J.D.G. Jones. 1998. Three genes of Arabidopsis RPP1 complex resistance locus recognise distinct Peronospora parasitica avirulence determinants. Plant Cell, 10: 1847-1860.
Buell, C.R., S.C. Somerville. 1995. Expression of defense-related and putative signalling genes during tolerant and susceptible interactions of Arabidopsis with Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris. Mol. Plant-Microbe Int, 8: 435-443.
Cao, H., S.A. Bowling, A.S. Gordon, X. Dong,. 1994. Characterisation of an Arabidopsis mutant that is nonresponsive to inducers of systemic aquired resistance. Plant Cell, 6: 1583-1592.
Century, K.S., E.B. Holub, B.J. Staskawicz,. 1995. NDR1, a locus of Arabidopsis thaliana that is required for disease resistance to both a bacterial and fungal pathogens. P. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA ,92: 6597-6606
Crute, I.R., J. Beynon, J. Dangl, E. Holub, B. Mauch-Mani, A. Slusarenko, B. Staskawicz, F. Ausubel. 1994. Microbial pathogenesis of Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis. Eds. E.M. Meyerowitz and C.R. Somerville). pp. 705-747. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Pres, New York.
Dangl, J.L. 1993. The emergence of Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for plant-pathogen interactions. Adv. Plant Pathol., 10: 127-156. Dangl, J.L. 1992. The major histocompatibility complex a la carte: are there analogies to plant disease resistance genes on the menu? Plant Journal, 2: 3-11.
Davis, K.R.. 1992. Arabidopsis thaliana as a model host for studying plant-pathogen interactions. In: Molecular signals in plant-microbe comminication. Eds. DPS Verma. CRC Pres, Boca Raton.. 393-406.
Davis, K., R. Hammerschmidt. 1993. Arabidopsis thaliana as a model for plant-pathogen interactions. American Phytopathological Scociety Pres, St Paul, MN. USA.
Debener, T., H. Lehnackers M. Arnold, J.L. Dang,. 1991. Identification and molecular mapping of a single Arabidopsis thaliana locus determining resistance to a Pseudomonas syringae isolate. Plant Journal, 1: 289-302.
Dixon, T.C. 1981. Vegetable Crop Disease. Macmillan, London. Glazebrook, J. 1997. Use of Arabidopsis for genetic dissection of plant defense responses. Annu. Rev. Genet., 31: 547-569.
Glazebrook, J., M. Zook, F. Mert, I. Kagan, E.E. Rogers, I.R. Crute, E.B. Holub, R. Hammerschmidt, F.M. Ausubel. 1997. Phytoalexin-deficient mutants of Arabidopsis reveal that PAD4 encodes a regulatory factor and that four PAD genes contribute to downy mildew resistance. Genetics, 146: 381392.
Glazebrook, J., F.M. Ausubel. 1994. Isolation of phytoalexindeficient mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and characterisation of their interactions with bacterial pathogens. P. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA, 91: 8955-8959.
Grant, M.R., L. Godiard, E. Straube, T. Ashfield, J. Lewald. 1995. Structure of Arabidopsis RPM1 gene which enables dualspecificity disease resistance. Science, 269: 843-846.
Holub, E.H. 1997. Organisation of resistance genes in Arabidopsis. In: The gene-fore-gene relationship in plant-parasite interactions. Eds. I.R. Crute, E.B. Holub and J.J. Burdon. CAB International. pg: 5-26.
Holub, E.B., J.L. Beynon. 1997. Symbiology of mouse-ear cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) and Oomycetes. Adv. Bot. Res., 24: 227-272.
Holub, E.B., J.L. Beynon, I.R. Crute. 1994. Phenotypic and genotypic characterisation of interactions between isolates of Peronospora parasitica and accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Plant. Mic. Int., 7: 223-239.
Kranz, A.R. ve B. Kircheim. 1987. Arabidopsis Inf. Serv. 24.
Laibach, F. 1951. Bitr. Biol. Pflanzen, 28: 173-210
Lee, S., D.C. Stenger, D.M. Bisaro. 1994. Identification of loci in Arabidopsis that confer resistance to geminivirus infection. Plant Journal, 6: 525-535.
Leutwiler, L.S., B.R. Hough-Evans, E.M. Mayerowitz., 1984. Mol. Gen. Genet., 194: 15-23.
Mert-Türk F., M.H. Bennett, J.W. Mansfield, E.B. Holub 2003a. Camalexin accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana following abiotic elicitation or inoculation with virulent or avirulent Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol.,
Mert-Turk F, Bennett MH, Mansfield JW, Holub EB. 2003b. Quantification of camalexin in several accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana following inoculation with Peronospora parasitica and UV-B irradiation. Phytoparasitica, 31: 81-89.
Mindrinos, M. F. Katagari, G-L. Yu, R.M. Ausubel. 1994. The A. thaliana disease resistance gene RPS2 encodes a protein containsing a nucleotide-binding site and leucine-rich repeats. Cell. 78: 1856-1860.
Parker J.L., E.B. Holub, L.M. Frost, A. Falk, N.D. Gunn, M.J. Daniels. 1996. Characterisation of eds1, a mutation in Arabidopsis which suppresses resistance to Peronospora parasitaca specified by several different RPP genes. Plant Cell, 8: 2033-2046.
Röbbelen, G. 1965. Arabidopsis Inf. Serv., 2: 36-47
Sijmons, P.C., von Mende, N., F.M.W. Grundler. 1994. Plantparasitic Nematods. In Arabidopsis. Eds. E.M. Meyerowitz and C.R. Somerville). pp. 685-704. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Pres, New York.
Simon, A.E. 1994. Interaction between Arabidopsis thaliana and viruses. In Arabidopsis. Eds. E.M. Meyerowitz and C.R. Somerville).pp. 749-767. Cold Spring Harbour Laboratory Pres, New York.
Tör M., E.B. Holub, E. Brose, R. Musker, N. Gunn, C. Can, I.R. Crute, J.L. Beynon. 1994. Map position of three loci in Arabidopsis thaliana associated with isolate-specific recognition of Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew). 62: 137-145. Mol. Plant-Mic. Int., 7 : 214-22.
Thomma, B.P.H.J., I. Nelissen, K. Eggermont, F. Broekaert. 1999. Deficiency in phytoalexin production causes enhanced susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to the fungus Alternaria brassicola. Plant Journal, 19: 163-171.