Koenzim Q ve Hastalıklar ile İlişkisi

Koenzim Q (2-metil-5, 6 dimetoksi-1, 4-benzokinon, KoQ, Ubikinon, UQ) tüm hücrelerde ve membranlarda bulunan, başlıca mitokondriyal solunum zincirinde kilit rol oynayan ve hücre metabolizması için son derece önemli bir moleküldür. Koenzim Q, güçlü lipofilik bir antioksidan olarak lipoproteinleri ve hücre membranlarını korumaktadır. İlk zamanlar ağırlıklı olarak redoks fonksiyonu üzerinde koenzim Qile ilgili çalışmalar yapılmış olup, son 20 yıldır farklı fonksiyonları da tespit edilmiştir. Bunlar arasında antioksidatif sistemdeki rolü, lenfosit ve monositler üzerindeki etkisi, endotelyal fonksiyonu, hücre sinyali ve gen ifadesindeki rolü yer almakta ve bu fonksiyonları üzerinde de çalışmalar yapılmaktadır. Koenzim Q düzeyleri yaşlanma ve hastalık durumlarına bağlı olarak değişiklik göstermektedir. Günümüzde beşeri alanda gerek tanı, gerekse tedavi süreci konusunda ilişkili olduğu hastalıklar üzerinde yapılan çalışmalar yoğunluk kazanmıştır. Koenzim Q ile en çok ilişkilendirilen hastalıklar arasında kardiyovasküler hastalıklar, dejeneratif kas hastalıkları, kemik hastalıkları, kanserler, diabetes mellitus ve nörodejeneratif hastalıklar (Huntington hastalığı, Parkinson hastalığı, Alzheimer hastalığı) sayılabilir. Sağlık veya hastalık durumu ile koenzim Q' nun ilişkilendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu derlemede, koenzim Q' nun bilinen fonksiyonları ve hastalıkları ile olan ilişkisi ile ilgili güncel bilgiler sunulmuştur.

Coenzyme Q and Relation with Diseases

Coenzyme Q (2- methyl - 5, 6 dimethoxy- 1, 4 -benzoquinone, KoQ, Ubiquinone, UQ) is present in all cells and cellular membranes and plays a key role in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and a vital molecule for cellular metabolism. Coenzyme Q has strong lipophilic antioxidant properties which enables this coenzyme to protect lipoproteins and cellular membranes. The earliest studies mainly focused on the redox function of Coenzyme Q; however, for the last 20 years, various functions have now been identified. The latest research has investigated its various additional roles which include: the antioxidative system, effects on monocytes and lymphocytes, endothelial function, cell signalling and gene expression. Coenzyme Q levels vary depending on the age and diseases status of the organism. Its importance during disease diagnosis and in the treatment process has been highlighted. Coenzyme Q is mostly associated with diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, degenerative muscle diseases, bone diseases, cancer, diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases (Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer disease). It is therefore a very important parameter which is associated with an organism health or disease state. In this review, up-to-date data regarding the known functions of coenzyme Q and its connection with various diseases are presented.

PDF

___

1. Crane FL., 1964. The Coenzyme Q Group (Ubiquinones). Progress in the Chemistry of Fats and Other Lipids, 7, 267-289.
2. Festenstein GN., Heaton FW., Lowe JS., Morton RA., 1955. A constituent of the unsaponifable portion of animal tissue lipids (?max. m?.), Biochemical Journal, 1955, 59, 558-566.
3. Crane FL., Hatefi Y., Lester RL., Widmer C., 1957. Isolation of a quinine from beef heart mitochondria. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 25, 220-221. Alınmıştır: Turunen M., Olsson J., Dallner G., 2004. Metabolism and function of coenzyme Q. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - Biomembranes, 1660, 171-199.
4. Crane FL., 2001. Biochemical Functions of Coenzyme Q10. The Journal of American College Nutrition, 20, 591-598.
5. Singh D., Jain V., Saraf S., Saraf S., 2002. Coenzyme Q10: A review. Ancient Science of Life, 22, 49-55.
6. Mancini A., Festa R., Raimondo S., Pontecorvi A., Littarru GP., 2011. Hormonal influence on coenzyme Q (10) levels in blood plasma. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 12, 9216-9225.
7. Turunen M., Olsson J., Dallner G., 2004. Metabolism and function of coenzyme Q. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1660, 171-199.
8. Bogeski I., Gulaboski R., Kappl R., Mirceski V., Stefova M., Petreska J., Hoth M., 2011. Calcium binding and transport by coenzyme Q. Journal of American Chemical Society, 133, 9293-9303.
9. Navas P., Villalba JM., Lenaz G., 2005. Coenzyme Q-dependent functions of plasma membrane in the aging process. Age, 27, 139-146.
10. Bentinger M., Brismar K., Dallner G., 2007. The antioxidant role of coenzyme Q. Mitochondrion, Suppl 7, 41-50.
11. Kucharska J., Braunova Z., Ulicna O., Zlatos L., Gvozdjakova A., 2000. Deficit of coenzyme Q in heart and liver mitochondria of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Physiological Research, 49, 411-418.
12. Brea-Calvo G., Rodriguez-Hernandez A., Fernandez-Ayala DJM., Navas P., Sanchez-Alcazar JA., 2006. Chemotherapy induces an increase in coenzyme Q10 levels in cancer cell lines. Free Radical Biology & Medicine, 40, 1293-1302.
13. Duran-Prado M., Frontinan J., Santiago-Mora R., Peinado JR., Parrado-Fernandez C., GomezAlmagro MV., Moreno M., Lopez-Dominguez JA., Villalba JM., Alcain FJ., 2014. Coenzyme Q10 protects human endothelial cells from ?-amyloid uptake and oxidative stress-induced injury. PLoS One., 9, e109223.
14. Kömürcü E., Oktay M., Kaymaz B., Hatay Gölge U., Göksel F., Nusran G., 2014. Preventive effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on steroid-induced osteonecrosis in rats. Acta Orthopaedica et Traumatologica Turcica, 48, 217-222.
15. Sharp J., Farha S., Park MM., Comhair SA., Lundgrin EL., Tang WH., Bongard RD., Merker MP., Erzurum SC., 2014. Coenzyme Q supplementation in pulmonary arterial hypertension. Redox Biology, 2, 884-891.
16.Galpern WR., Cudkowicz ME., 2007. Coenzyme Q treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of aging. Mitochondrion, Suppl 7, 146-153.
17. Kasparova S., Sumbalova Z., Bystricky P., Kucharska J., Liptaj T., Mlynarik V., Gvozdjakova A., 2006. Effect of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin E on brain energy metabolism in the animal model of Huntington's disease. Neurochemistry International, 48, 93-99.
18. Li Z., Wang P., Yu Z., Cong Y., Sun H., Zhang J., Zhang J., Sun C., Zhang Y., Ju X., 2015. The effect of creatine and coenzyme q10 combination therapy on mild cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease. European Neurology, 73, 205-211.
19. Gvozdjakova A., Kucharska J., Ostatnikova D., Babinska K., Nakladal D., Crane FL., 2014. Ubiquinol improves symptoms in children with autism. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2014, 798957.
20. Yalcin A., Kilinc E., Sagcan A., Kultursay H., 2004. Coenzyme Q10 concentrations in coronary artery disease. Clinical Biochemistry, 37, 706-709.
21. McCarty MF., 1999. Coenzyme Q versus hypertension: does CoQ decrease endothelial superoxide generation? Medical Hypotheses, 53, 300-304.
22. Pepe S., Marasco SF., Haas SJ., Sheeran FL., Krum H., Rosenfeldt FL., 2007. Coenzyme Q10 in cardiovascular disease. Mitochondrion, 7S , 154- 167.
23. Macunluoglu B., Kaya Y., Atakan A., Ari E., Kaspar C., Demir H., Alp HH., Asicioglu E., Kedrah AE., 2013. Serum coenzyme Q10 levels are associated with coronary flow reserve in hemodialysis patients. Hemodialysis International, 17, 339- 345.
24. Fouad AA., Al-Mulhim AS., Jresat I., 2013. Therapeutic effect of coenzyme Q10 against experimentally-induced hepatocellular carcinoma in rats. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 35, 100-108.
25. Rusciani L., Proietti I., Rusciani A., Paradisi A., Sbordoni G., Alfano C., Panunzi S., De Gaetano A., Lippa S., 2006. Low plasma coenzyme Q10 levels as an independent prognostic factor for melanoma progression. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 54, 234-241.
26. Fouad AA., Jresat I., 2012. Hepatoprotective effect of coenzyme Q10 in rats with acetaminophen toxicity. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 33, 158-167.
27. Cordero MD., Santos-Garcia R., Bermejo-Jover D., Sanchez-Dominguez B., Jaramillo-Santos MR., Bullon P., 2012. Coenzyme Q10 in salivary cells correlate with blood cells in Fibromyalgia:improvement in clinical and biochemical parameter after oral treatment. Clinical Biochemistry, 45, 509-511.
28. Diaz-Castro J., Guisado R., Kajarabille N., Garcia C., Guisado IM., de Teresa C., Ochoa JJ., 2012. Coenzyme Q (10) supplementation ameliorates inflammatory signaling and oxidative stress associated with strenuous exercise. European Journal of Nutrition, 51, 791-799.
29. Sinatra ST., Jankowitz SN., Chopra RK., Bhagavan HN., 2014. Plasma coenzyme Q10 and tocopherols in thoroughbred race horses: Effect of coenzyme Q10 supplementation and exercise. Journal of Equine Veterinary Sciences, 34, 265- 269.
30.Giannubilo SR., Tiano L., Cecchi S., Principi F., Tranquilli AL., Littarru GP., 2011. Plasma coenzyme Q10 is increased during gestational diabetes. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 94, 230-235.
31. Chatterjee A., Kandwal A., Singh N., Singh A., 2012. Evaluation of Co-Q10 anti-gingivitis effect on plaque induced gingivitis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 16, 539-542.
32. Yoneda T., Tomofuji T., Kawabata Y., Ekuni D., Azuma T., Kataoka K., Kunitomo M., Morita M., 2014. Application of coenzyme Q10 for accelerating soft tissue wound healing after tooth extraction in rats. Nutrients, 6, 5756-5769.
33.Qu J., Kaufman Y., Washington I., 2009. Coenzyme Q10 in the human retina. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 50, 1814-1818.
34. Lee D., Shim MS., Kim KY., Noh YH., Kim H., Kim SY., Weinreb RN., Ju WK., 2014. Coenzyme Q10 inhibits glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress-mediated mitochondrial alteration in a mouse model of glaucoma. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 55, 993-1005.
35.Qu J., Ma L., Washington I., 2011. Retinal coenzyme Q in the bovine eye. Biofactors, 37, 393-398.
36.Gvozdjakova A., Kucharska J., Dubravicky J., Mojto V., Singh RB., 2015. Coenzyme Q??, ?- tocopherol, and oxidative stress could be important metabolic biomarkers of male infertility. Disease Markers, 2015, 827941.
37. Tirabassi G., Vignini A., Tiano L., Buldreghini E., Bruge F., Silvestri S., Orlando P., D'Aniello A., Mazzanti L., Lenzi A., Balercia G., 2015. Protective effects of coenzyme Q10 and aspartic acid on oxidative stress and DNA damage in subjects affected by idiopathic asthenozoospermia. Endocrine, 49, 549-552.
38. Kismali G., 2009. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on blood biochemistry in rats. Journal of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kafkas University, 15, 191-194.
39.Navas P., Villalba JM., Cabo R., 2007. The importance of plasma membrane coenzyme Q in aging and stress responses. Mitochondrion, 7S, 34-40.
40. Ryo K., Ito A., Takatori R., Tai Y., Arikawa K., Seido T., Yamada T., Shinpo K., Tamaki Y., Fujii K., Yamamoto Y., Saito I., 2011. Effects of coenzyme Q10 on salivary secretion. Clinical Biochemistry, 44, 669-674.