Temel SARIYILDIZ, Gamze SAVACI, Salih PARLAK, Burhan GENCAL

Uludağ Göknarı (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) meşcerelerinin toprak organik karbon, toplam azot ve besin element konsantrasyonları ve stokları üzerinde bakı ve yükseltinin etkisi

Topografik yükselti ve bakının, Uludağ göknarının ölü örtü, toprak özellikleri, toprak organik karbon (TOK), toplam azot (TA) ve diğer toprak besin elementi (C, N Ca, Mg, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Cl, Ni ve Co) konsantrasyonları ve stoklarına etkilerini belirlemek amaçlı Bursa Uludağ Milli Parkı’nda bir çalışma gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu amaçla, Uludağ göknarının yayılış yaptığı kuzey (K) ve güney (G) bakıların, beş yükselti kuşağından (Z1: 1400–1500 m, Z2: 1500-1600 m, Z3: 1600–1700 m, Z4: 1700-1800 m, Z5: 1800-1900 m) ve dört toprak derinlik kademesinden (D1: 0–10 cm, D2: 10–20 cm, D3: 20-30 cm, D4: 30-40 cm) ölü örtü ve toprak örnekleri alınmıştır. Sonuçlar genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Uludağ göknarı toprak organik karbon ve toplam azot konsantrasyonunun ve stokunun yükseltiye bağlı olarak arttığı ve her bir yükselti kuşağının K bakısında G bakıya göre daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Örneğin, TOK stoku, K bakıda yükseltiye bağlı olarak hektarda162 tondan 182 tona, G bakıda ise 116 tonda 176 tona doğru bir artış göstermiştir. TOK stoku, K bakıda G bakıdan %19.7 daha fazla bulunmuştur. Benzer şekilde, TA stokuda, K bakıda yükseltiye bağlı olarak hektarda 9.77 tondan 10.9 tona, G bakıda ise 7.64 tondan 10.1 tona doğru bir artış göstermiştir. Diğer yandan, makro besin elementlerinden Ca, Mg ve P konsantrasyonları ve stoklarında yükseltiye bağlı olarak azalırken, K ve S ise yükselti ile önce bir azalma daha sonra ise bir artış gösterme eğiliminde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yükseltiye bağlı benzer eğilim mikro besin elementleri içinde tespit edilmiştir. Bununla beraber, genel olarak makro ve mikro besin elementleri her bir yükselti kuşağında, kuzey bakılarda güney bakılardan daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Uludağ göknarının yükselti ve bakıya bağlı değişen ölü örtü ve toprak özelliklerinin (özellikle hacim ağırlığı) yanında mikroiklime bağlı ölü örtü miktarının ve ayrışmasının toprak organik karbon, toplam azot ve diğer makro ve mikro besin elementlerinin konsantrasyon ve stoklarında etkili olabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Uludağ göknarı, Karbon ve Azot stoku, Yükselti, Bakı, Toprak derinliği

Effects of altitude and slope aspect on soil organik carbon, total nitrogen and soil nutrient concentrations and stocks in Uludağ Fir (Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmülleriana Mattf.) stands

In order to find out how topographic altitude and slope aspect affect forest floor litter, soil properties, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN) and other soil nutrient (C, N Ca, Mg, P, K, S, Fe, Mn, Na, Cu, Zn, Cl, Ni ve Co) concentrations and stocks of Bursa Uludağ fir, a study was conducted in the Uludağ National Park. For this purpose, forest floor litter and soil samples were taken from five altitude zones (A1: 1400–1500 masl, A2: 1500-1600 masl, A3: 1600–1700 masl, A4: 1700-1800 masl and A5: 1800-1900 masl) under north (N) and south (S) aspects at four soil depths (D1: 0–10 cm, D2: 10–20 cm, D3: 20-30 cm and D4: 30-40 cm). In general, it was seen that soil organic carbon and total nitrogen concentration and stock of Uludağ fir increased with increasing altitude, and at each altitude zone they were higher on K aspect than on S aspect. For example, SOC stock increased with altitude from 162 tons to 182 tons per hectare on N aspect and from 116 tons to 176 tons on S aspect. SOC stock was 19.7% higher on the K aspect than on the S aspect. Similarly, TN stock increased from 9.77 tons to 10.9 tons per hectare on the N aspect, and from 7.64 tons to 10.1 tons on the S aspect. On the otherhand, mean concentrations and stocks of Ca, Mg and K decresed with increasing altitude, while K and S tended to have an increase and then a decrease with the altitude. A similar trend was also noted for the micronutrients. However, in general, at each elevation zone, macro and micro nutrients were higher on northern aspect than on southern aspect. It is concluded that the amount of litter and soil properties (especially bulk density) that varied with altitude and aspect of Uludağ fir, as well as litter decomposition due to microclimate may be responsible for the variation of the concentration and stocks of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen and other macro and micro nutrient elements.

Keywords:

Uludag Fir, Carbon and nitrogen stocks recreation altitute, Slope aspect, Soil depth,

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