The relationship between phenotypical findings anddifferent karyotypes in children with turner syndrome

The relationship between phenotypical findings anddifferent karyotypes in children with turner syndrome

Aim: Turner syndrome (TS) is the most common chromosomal disorder in girls. Several systems can be adversely affectedin association with genetic disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the karyotype distribution in patients with TS, frequently seen clinical characteristics, and their relations with the karyotypes.Materials and Methods: Fifty-four cases ranging in age between two and 40 years and diagnosed with TS at three different centersin Turkey between May 2013 and June 2019 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The patients’ mean age was 17.5±9.3 years. The most common chromosomal anomaly was 45,X (35.2%), followed by low-level mosaic (20.4%), isochromosome (18.5%), deletion (9.3%) and other chromosomal disorders (16.7%). The most common presentation symptom was short stature (66.6%), followed by infertility (12.9%). Cardiovascular pathology was determined in 33.3% of cases, hypothyroidism in 25.9%, ophthalmological problems in 24.1%, renal anomaly in 18.5%, hearing loss in 12.9%, and scoliosis in 9.3% and mental retardation in 16.6%. Obesity was present in 33.3% of cases.Conclusion: Turner Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder affecting several systems. Clinical manifestations in patients with TS canbe affected to varying degrees depending on the karyotype.

___

  • 1. Bondy CA, Turner Syndrome Study Group. Care of girls and women with Turner syndrome: a guideline of
  • the Turner Syndrome Study Group. J Clin Endocrinol
  • Metab 2007;92:10-25.
  • 2. Tanriverdi N, Demirhan O, Suleymanova D, et al.
  • Frequencies and distributions of sex chromosome
  • abnormalities in females with the Turner phenotype: a
  • long-term retrospective study in the southern region
  • of Turkey. Turk J Med Sci 2017;47:1447-5.
  • 3. Gursoy S, Erçal D. Turner Syndrome and Its Variants. J
  • Pediatr Res 2017;4:171-5.
  • 4. Yesilkaya E, Bereket A, Darendeliler F, et al. Turner
  • syndrome and associated problems in Turkish
  • children: a multicenter study. J Clin Res Pediatr
  • Endocrinol 2015;7:27-36.
  • 5. Al Alwan I, Khadora M, Amir I, et al. Turner Syndrome
  • Genotype and phenotype and their effect on presenting
  • features and timing of Diagnosis. Int J Health Sci
  • (Qassim) 2014;8:195- 202.
  • 6. Li P, Cheng F, Xiu L. Height outcome of the recombinant
  • human growth hormone treatment in Turner syndrome:
  • a meta-analysis. Endocr Connect 2018;7:573-83.
  • 7. Trovó de Marqui AB. Turner syndrome and genetic
  • polymorphism: a systematic review. Rev Paul Pediatr
  • 2015;33:364-71.
  • 8. Abir R, Fisch B, Nahum R, et al. Turner's syndrome
  • and fertility: current status and possible putative
  • prospects. Hum Reprod Update 2001;7:603-10.
  • 9. Elsheikh M, Dunger DB, Conway GS, et al. Turner's
  • syndrome in adulthood. Endocr Rev 2002;23:120-40.
  • 10. Dawson-Falk KL, Wright AM, Bakker B, et al.
  • Cardiovascular evaluation in Turner syndrome: utility
  • of MR imaging. Australas Radiol 1992;36:204-9.
  • 11. Bondy CA. Heart disease in Turner syndrome. Minerva
  • Endocrinol 2007;32:245-61.
  • 12. Mazzanti L, Cacciari E. Congenital heart disease in
  • patients with Turner's syndrome. Italian Study Group
  • for Turner Syndrome (ISGTS). J Pediatr 1998;133:688-
  • 92.
  • 13. Bondy C, Bakalov VK, Cheng C, et al. Bicuspid aortic
  • valve and aortic coarctation are linked to deletion of
  • the X chromosome short arm in Turner syndrome. J
  • Med Genet 2013;50:662-5.
  • 14. De Groote K, Demulier L, De Backer, et al. Arterial
  • hypertension in Turner syndrome: a review of the
  • literature and a practical approach for diagnosis and
  • treatment. J Hypertens 2015;33:1342-51.
  • 15. Mortensen KH, Andersen NH, Gravholt CH.
  • Cardiovascular phenotype in Turner syndrome--
  • integrating cardiology, genetics, and endocrinology.
  • Endocr Rev 2012;33:677-714.
  • 16. Nathwani NC1, Unwin R, Brook CG, et al. The influence
  • of renal and cardiovascular abnormalities on blood
  • pressure in Turner syndrome. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)
  • 2000;52:371-7.
  • 17. Gravholt CH, Hansen KW, Erlandsen M, et al. Nocturnal hypertension and impaired sympathovagal tone in
  • Turner syndrome. J Hypertens 2006;24:353-60.
  • 18. Bilge I, Kayserili H, Emre S, et al. Frequency of renal
  • malformations in Turner syndrome: analysis of 82
  • Turkish children. Pediatr Nephrol 2000;14:1111-4.
  • 19. Mortensen KH, Cleemann L, Hjerrild BE, et al. Increased
  • prevalence of autoimmunity in Turner syndrome--
  • influence of age. Clin Exp Immunol. 2009;156:205-10.
  • 20. Bois E, Nassar M, Zenaty D, et al. Otologic disorders
  • in Turner syndrome. Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head
  • Neck Dis 2018;135:21-4.
  • 21. Alves C, Oliveira CS. Hearing loss among patients
  • with Turner's syndrome: literature review. Braz J
  • Otorhinolaryngol 2014;80:257-63. 22. Dogan M, Eroz R, Bolu S, et al. Evaluation of Karyotype
  • Composition of Our Turner Syndrome Patients with
  • Their Application Complaints and Anthropometric.
  • Konuralp Tıp Dergisi 2018;10:248-52.
  • 23. Wikiera B, Mulak M, Koltowska-Haggstrom M, et al. The presence of eye defects in patients with Turner
  • syndrome is irrespective of their karyotype. Clin
  • Endocrinol (Oxf) 2015;83:842-8.
  • 24. Bolar K, Hoffman AR, Maneatis T, et al. Long-term safety
  • of recombinant human growth hormone in Turner
  • syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008;93:344-51.
  • 25. Culen C, Ertl DA, Schubert K, et al. Care of girls and
  • women with Turner syndrome: beyond growth and
  • hormones. Endocr Connect 2017;6:39-51.
  • 26. Van Dyke DL, Wiktor A, Roberson JR, et al. Mental
  • retardation in Turner syndrome. J Pediatr 199;118:415-
  • 7.
  • 27. Hanew K, Tanaka T, Horikawa R, et al. Women
  • with Turner syndrome are at high risk of lifestyle-
  • related disease -From questionnaire surveys by the
  • Foundation for Growth Science in Japan. Endocr J
  • 2016;63:449-56.
Annals of Medical Research-Cover
  • Yayın Aralığı: Aylık
  • Yayıncı: İnönü Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi