Halit Baykan, Hakan Hakkoymaz, Alper Ural2, Mehmet Tatli

Maxillofacial trauma incidence and patterns in patients admitted to the emergency department: A three-year retrospective study

Aim: Maxillofacial (MF) traumas are most challenging group of patients in emergency departments (ED) due to occurrence of varying degrees of injury. The aim of this study was aid to ED clinicians in establishing correct diagnosis and to aid decision making process; to identify etiology of MF trauma presented to ED and to assess comorbid injuries. Materials and Methods: In this study, we retrospectively analyzed patients with MF trauma presented to ED between January, 2014 and July, 2017. The study included 73 patients among those with MF trauma admitted to ED. Data regarding age, gender, trauma mechanism, treatment modalities, presence of mandibular, zygomatic orbital base, zygomatic arch, frontal sinus and nasal sinus fracture were recorded and analysed. Results: Mean age was 36.18 years (min-max: 7-81 years). It was found that MF was significantly more prevalent in men than women. In our study, traffic accidents were observed to be the most common cause just like in developing countries.73 patients were surgically operated. 45 of the patients underwent open reduction and fixation with miniplates and screws. Conclusion: Maxillofacial trauma is common in our society. The most common causes are traffic accident and falls; followed by assault, head trauma and firearm injury.

PDF

___

1. Adebayo ET, Ajike OS, Adekeye EO. Analysis of the pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Kaduna, Nigeria. Br J oral Maxillofac Surg 2003;41:396-400.
2. Ramli R, Rahman NA, Rahman RA, et al. A retrospective study of oral and maxillofacial injuries in Seremban Hospital, Malaysia. Dent Traumatol 2011;27:122-6.
3. Leles JLR, Santos ÊJ dos, Jorge FD, et al. Risk factors for maxillofacial injuries in a Brazilian emergency hospital sample. J Appl Oral Sci 2010;18:23-9.
4. Nael Hasan SAC. Maxillofacial Trauma. Judith E. Tintinalli, . Emergency Medicine. 6.th. New York: McGraw- Hill; 2004. s. 1583-90.
5. Brasileiro BF, Passeri LA. Epidemiological analysis of maxillofacial fractures in Brazil: a 5-year prospective study. Oral Surgery, Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2006;102:28-34.
6. Lee KH, Snape L, Steenberg LJ, et al. Comparison between interpersonal violence and motor vehicle accidents in the aetiology of maxillofacial fractures. ANZ J Surg 2007;77:695-8.
7. Gurger M, Ateşçelik M. The Epidemiological Characteristics of Maxillofacial Traumas That Apply to the Emergency Department. JAEM 2012;11:98-101.
8. Ozkaya O, Turgut G, Kayali MU, et al. A retrospective study on the epidemiology and treatment of maxillofacial fractures. Turkish J Trauma & Emergency Surgery 2009;15:262-6.
9. Erol B, Ozer N, Tanrikulu R, et al. Maxıllo-facıal fractures: retrospectıve study of the 2308 cases. Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery 1998;4:162-7.
10. Bamjee Y, Lownie JF, Cleaton-Jones PE, et al. Maxillofacial injuries in a group of South Africans under 18 years of age. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1996;34:298-302.
11. Al-Khateeb T, Abdullah FM. Craniomaxillofacial injuries in the United Arab Emirates: a retrospective study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007;65:1094-101.
12. Gonullu H, Karadas S, Isik D, et al. Maxillofacial trauma cases applıying to an emergency service: a restrospective study. Turk Plast Surg 2011;19:121-4.
13. Abramowicz S, Allareddy V, Rampa S, et al. Facial Fractures in Patients with Firearm Injuries: Profile and Outcomes. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017;75:2170-6.
14. Arli C, Ozkan M, Karakus A. Incidence, etiology, and patterns of maxillofacial traumas in Syrian patients in Hatay, Turkey: A 3 year retrospective study. Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg 2019;25:29-33.
15. Hassanein AG. Trends and Outcomes of Management of Mandibular Fractures. J Craniofac Surg 2019;30:1245-51.
16. Park KP, Lim SU, Kim JH, et al. Fracture patterns in the maxillofacial region: a four-year retrospective study. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015;41:306-16.