Türkiye-AB İlişkilerini Yeniden Biçimlendirmek: Gümrük Birliğine Alternatif Olarak Farklılaştırılmış Entegrasyon “İsviçre Modeli”?

Brexit süreci bağlamında tartışılan Avrupa Birliği (AB) ile alternatif farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon modelleri yakın tarihin en derin kriziyle karşı karşıya olan Avrupa ve Türkiye için çözüm arayışındaki paydaşlar için ilham kaynağı olabilir. Gelecek dönemde gerçekleşecek bir gümrük birliği modernizasyonu müzakereleri Türkiye-AB ilişkilerini Norveç ve İsviçre vakalarındaki gibi daha güçlü bir dış farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon şekline dönüştürmek ve gümrük birliğinin şimdiki yapısından kaynaklı sorunların tamiri için bir fırsat yaratabilir. Bu makale İsviçre örneğini gümrük birliği güncelleme sürecinde değerlendirilebileceği düşüncesiyle Türkiye ve AB arasında alternatif bir entegrasyon modeli olarak incelemektedir. Makale İsviçre modelinin hem halihazırdaki gümrük birliği hem de Avrupa Komisyonu (AK) tarafından gümrük birliğinin güncellenmesi için Aralık 2016’da ortaya atılan iki senaryosu ile kıyaslamalı bir analizini yapmaktadır. İsviçre modelinin yakın gelecekteki Türk-AB ilişkileri için potansiyel avantaj ve dezavantajlarını ortaya koyan makale İsviçre’nin “serbest ticaret anlaşması artı” modelinin hem var olan gümrük birliği hem de AK tarafından önerilen iki senaryodan daha iyi bir alternatif teşkil ettiğini iddia etmektedir.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Avrupa entegrasyonu, Türk-AB ilişkileri, gümrük birliği, farklılaştırılmış entegrasyon, İsviçre modeli

Remolding Turkey-EU Relations: The ‘Swiss Model’ of Differentiated Integration as an Alternative to the Customs Union?

Alternative models of differentiated integration with the European Union (EU) discussed in the context of Brexit might be inspiring for European and Turkish stakeholders who are concerned with overcoming the deepest crisis in bilateral relations of recent history. The forthcoming customs union modernization negotiations are likely to create an opportunity to bring Turkey-EU relations to a stronger mode of external differentiated integration as in cases of Norway or Switzerland and fix problems aroused by the current structure of the customs union. This paper examines Switzerland’s case as an alternative model of integration between Turkey and the EU which can be considered during the upgrade process. The paper compares and contrasts the Swiss model with the existing customs union and the European Commission’s (EC) two upgrade scenarios for the customs union which were proposed in December 2016. It lays out potential advantages and disadvantages of a Swiss model for Turkish-EU relations in the coming future and argues that Switzerland’s “free trade agreement plus” model provides a better alternative than the current form of the customs union and the EC’s scenarios.

Keywords:

European integration, Turkey-EU relations, Swiss model, Customs union, Differentiated integration,

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