Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti'nde toprak yönetimi

Makale, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde sosyalizmden kapitalizme doğru radikal yön değişikliğinintoprak rejimine yansımalarını incelemektedir. Toprağın günümüzdeki mülkiyet ve yönetim rejiminin anahatlarının verilmesinin ardından, sosyalist dönemdeki kırsal üretim biçimi ile toprak rejimi üzerindedurulmaktadır. İzleyen bölümde, sosyalist ekonomik sistemden kopuşun kırsal ve kentsel topraklar üzerindekietkileri incelenmektedir. Son olarak, toprak rejimindeki değişimin yarattığı toplumsal sorunlartartışılmaktadır.Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nde kamu mülkiyeti biçimsel olarak korunmakla birlikte toprakmetalaştırılmıştır. Süreç, 1970’lerin sonunda, kırda üretimden sorumlu birim olarak komünün yerine aileninikame edilmesiyle başlamıştır. Günümüzde, ikili piyasa ilişkileri çerçevesinde kiralama veya devirsözleşmeleriyle kullanım hakkı özelleştirilmekte, toprak ve üzerindeki taşınmazlar piyasada alım-satıma konuolmaktadır. Çin Komünist Partisi halen biçimsel kamu mülkiyeti yoluyla kapitalist mülkiyet ilişkilerinidenetlemektedir. Ancak makalede varılan sonuç, günümüzdeki uygulamaların uzun erimde özel toprakmülkiyetine geçişin deneme süreçleri olduğudur.

Land administration in the People's Republic of China

The People’s Republic of China (PRC) has been in a transition process from socialism to capitalismfor roughly three decades. This article examines the impact of this transition on its land regime. It explores,first, main characteristics of present land ownership and management regime. Thereafter, it explains the ruralproduction system and land regime in the socialist era. The effects of the dissolution of socialist economicsystem on rural and urban land are examined in the following section. Finally, social problems and challengesderiving from the change in land regime are discussed.Although public ownership of land is formally maintained in PRC, land is now a commodity and hasa price in the market. This process was launched at the end of 1970s via the substitution of the household forthe commune as the responsible rural production unit. Today land use right is privatized either by lease ortransfer agreements in a dual market structure and, both land and properties built on it are sold and purchasedin these markets. It is asserted that China Communist Party is still controlling all private ownershiptransactions in this field via abandonment of de jure public ownership. However, it seems that currentpractices could be considered as preliminaries to a possible de jure public ownership in the long term.

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