Hadis Rivayetlerini Fludernik’in ‘Doğal’ Anlatı Teorisi Bağlamında Ele Almak

Monika Fludernik, ‘doğal’ anlatı kavramı ile 90’lı yılların sonunda anlatıbilime yeni bir perspektif getirmiştir. Bu teoriye göre anlatıyı oluşturan esas unsur olayların belirli bir mantıkla art arda sıralanması değil, onun bir tecrübenin ifadesi olmasıdır. Fludernik’in yaklaşımı, hadisi anlamak noktasında ışık tutabilir. Zira hadisler, Hz. Muhammed’e ait ya da onunla ilgili bir söz, olay ya da yaşanmış bir tecrübenin sahabi ravi perspektifinden naklidir. Hadisler aynı zamanda Hz. Peygamber’in hayatı boyunca nasıl davrandığını ve insanların tutum ve davranışlarına nasıl tepki verdiğini bize anlatarak onun hayat tecrübesini ortaya koyar. Öte yandan hadis rivayeti, Hz. Peygamber’den edinilen bilginin bir nesilden diğerine anlatımını konu edinen bir tecrübedir. Bu makalede, Fludernik’in teorisi çerçevesinde hadisin ne ölçüde ‘doğal’ anlatı olarak ele alınabileceği tartışılmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Hadis Anlatısı, 'Doğal' Anlatı, Hadisin Yapısı, Hadisin Bağlamı

Rethinking Ḥadīth (Prophetic Traditions) as ‘Natural’ Narrative: In the Framework of Fludernik’s ‘Natural’ Narratology

By the concept of ‘natural’ narrative, Monika Fludernik brought a new perspective for narratology in the late ’90s. In her narrative theory, narrativity starts with the human experience rather than the plot. Fludernik’s approach may provide an insight into understanding ḥadīth. Each ḥadīth account is a report of a saying, an event, or an experience about the Prophet Muhammad from the perspective of companion narrators. Ḥadīth also asserts the Prophet’s life experience by telling how he acted in his life and reacted to people’s attitudes. Ḥadīth transmission is also an experience referring to narration of prophetic knowledge from one generation to the next. In this article, I try to discuss to what extent ḥadīth can be considered ‘natural’ narrative in the framework of Fludernik’s theory.

Keywords:

Ḥadīth Narrative, Natural Narrative, Structure of Ḥadīth, Context of Ḥadīth,

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