Bir Sapma Davranışı Olarak Fuhuş

Bütün hukuk düzenlerinde ortak bir suç olarak öngörülmemesi sebebiyle fuhuş, bu çalışmada bir sapma davranışı olarak nitelendirilmiş ve suçu açıklamakta da kullanılan kriminolojik teoriler ekseninde değerlendirilmiştir. Kingsley Davis’in işlevselci teorisi bu teoriler içinde önemli bir yere sahiptir. Zira bir yandan görünüşte fuhuşu kınayan cinsel ahlakın, diğer yandan ironik bir biçimde ve belki farkında olmaksızın fuhuşun sosyal bir kurum olarak varlığını sürdürmesini sağladığını ortaya koymuştur. Bu alanda ön plana çıkan bir diğer görüş ise radikal feminist teoridir. Söz konusu teoriye göre fuhuşu bir meslek olarak kabul etmenin zorluğu, insan onuruna ve vücuduna yüklenen anlamdan kaynaklanmaktadır. Fuhuşun yasal kabul edildiği Hollanda ve Yeni Zelanda gibi ülkelerde kadınların ekonomik, duygusal ya da cinsel sömürüsünün engellenemediği görülmektedir. Fuhuşu yasal hale getirmek, aslında kişi özgürlüğü adına hukuk düzeninin kişinin organlarını satmasına izin vermesinden pek de farklı değildir. Fuhuşla ilgili olarak farklı modelleri benimseyen ülkelerin yasal düzenlemeleri incelendiğinde fuhuşu bir insan hakları sorunu olarak değerlendiren, bu itibarla seks satın almayı suç haline getiren ve bedenini satmak zorunda kalan kadını ise mağdur olarak nitelendirerek ona destek sağlayan İsveç modeli, bütün ülkelerin benimsemesi gereken en modern ve hümanist çözüm olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.

Prostitution As a Deviant Behavior

This paper deals with prostitution within the criminological theories framework, which are also used to explain crime, considering it as a deviant behavior rather than a criminal act since it is not necessarily regulated as a crime in all legislations. Among such theories, the functionalist approach of Kingsley Davis plays a crucial role as it shed light on how sexual morality condemns prostitution while it also ironically prolongs the existence of prostitution as a social institution. The second prominent theory in this field is the radical feminist approach, according to which the difficulty of accepting prostitution as an occupation stems from the meaning attributed to human dignity and body. It is observed that the economic, emotional, and sexual exploitation of women cannot be prevented in the countries (e.g., The Netherlands and New Zealand) where prostitution is decriminalized. By examining legislations of the countries adopting different models, the Swedish model, which views prostitution as a human rights problem, criminalizes the purchase of sexual services and supports the providers of these sexual services by describing them as victims, appears to be the most modern and humanist practice.

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