Çocukluk Çağı Başlangıçlı Şizofreni ve Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğunda Dil ve İletişim Özellikleri: Bir Literatür Taraması

Giriş: Şizofreni (ŞZ) ve Otizm Spektrum Bozuklukları (OSB) bireyler üzerinde yaşam boyu olumsuz etkilere sahiptir. Çocukluk Çağı Başlangıç Şizofreni (ÇÇBŞ), OSB'nin aksine çocuklukta (13 yaşından önce) "nadiren" ortaya çıkan bir ŞZ türüdür. ÇÇBŞ ve OSB farklı bozukluklar olmasına rağmen, ilk tanımlandıkları andan itibaren iki bozukluğun birtakım ortak özelliklerinin olduğu ifade edilmektedir. En önemli ortak noktalardan biri, örtüşen dil ve iletişim özellikleridir. Şimdiye kadar, bu iki bozukluğun her ikisini de kapsayan dil özellikleri ile bu özelliklerin altında yatan nörogenetik faktörlere ilişkin bütünleştirici bir model ortaya konmamıştır. Bu literatür taraması çalışması iki popülasyona ait farklı ve ortak dil sorunlarını ortaya çıkarmayı ve önceki araştırma bulgularını sunmayı amaçlamıştır. Ayrıca, çalışmada sunulan bilgilerin özel eğitim uzmanlarının ÇÇBŞ belirtileri gösteren çocukları fark etmelerine yardımcı olması beklenmektedir. Bu doğrultuda öncelikle, bozuklukların tarihsel geçmişinden bahsedilmiştir. Sonrasında ÇÇBŞ ve OSB'nin dil ve iletişim özelliklerine odaklanılmıştır ve örtüşen özellikler sunulmuştur.Tartışma: Geçmiş çalışmalardan hareketle, her iki popülasyonda da dilin kullanım boyutuna yönelik sınırlılıkların gözlenebileceği sonucuna varılmıştır. Ekolali ve kendi kendine konuşma gibi atipik dil özelliklerinin de görülebileceği belirtilmiştir. Bu bağlamda, ÇÇBŞ ve OSB'nin biçimbilgisel ve anlambilgisel düzeylerini araştıran çalışmalar desenlenebileceği, büyük bir örneklem grubu üzerinden geçmişe ve ileriye dönük çalışmalara gereksinim duyulduğu ifade edilmiştir. Dil ile hayali oyun veya yürütücü işlevleri arasındaki bağlantının incelenmesinin önemi vurgulanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Çocukluk çağı başlangıçlı şizofreni, otizm spektrum bozukluğu, dil, iletişim, şizofreni

Language and Communication Features of Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Literature Review

Introduction: Schizophrenia (SZ) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) both have life-long and negative impacts on the individuals. In contrast to ASD, SZ occurs “rarely” in childhood (before the age of 13) which is called Childhood-Onset Schizophrenia (COS). Although COS and ASD have distinct pathologies, they exhibit common characteristics since they were described first. One of the most important commonalities is overlapping language and communication features. Till now, it is known that there is no integrative model related to the mutual language characteristics and underlying neurogenetic factors covering both of these disorders. Therefore, this literature review aimed to reveal previous research reporting both diverging and converging language issues with regards to these populations. The information presented in this review also aimed to help special education professionals about noticing the children who might present the features of COS. For this aim, firstly, the historical backgrounds of the disorders were given. Later, the language and communication features of COS and ASD including the overlapping characteristics were presented in light of previous research.Discussion: Studies showed that pragmatic limitations could be observed within both populations. Atypical language characteristics such as echolalia and self-talk could also be mutually observed. A need for future studies exploring the morphological and semantic levels of COS and ASD was emphasized. Furthermore, it was proposed that retrospective and prospective studies could be designed with a large sample. The connection between language and pretend play or executive functions could be examined.

Keywords:

Childhood-onset Schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorders, language, communication, schizophrenia,

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