Öz This study is based on the report of the experts’ evaluation on “Arithmetics” textbooks presented to “The National Education Office” (“Milli Talim ve Terbiye Dairesi” ) to be followed through during the academic year of 1926-1927. The report examines the content, educational methods and techniques of the textbooks for the “Arithmetic Course” in relation with the goals identified in the Primary School Curriculum in 1926. This historical report reflects the shortcomings and the mistakes made in the early “Arithmetic” Textbooks thus having an impact on the structure and the content of the syllabus of arithmetic to be implemented the Primary School Curriculum in 1926. This very report discusses the problems observed in the “Arithmetic” textbooks in the early years of Turkish Republic with an emphasis on the alternative solutions. In conclusion, this study reflects the progress that has been made in mathematics education for the past 87 years