YAVUZ DEMİRARAN, ZİYA SALİHOĞLU, Saffet KARACA, Yıldız KÖSE, Gülşen ÖZBAY

Subanestezik konsantrasyonda solutulan halotan ve izofluranın sıçan karaciğeri ile davranışlarına etkileri

Subanestezik konsantrasyonlarda solutulan halotan ve izofluranın sıçanların davranışları ve karaciğerleri üzerine etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlandı. Deneyde 6 aylık 72 adet, 250±20 gr Wistar Albino dişi sıçan kullanıldı. Gruplar Kontrol (K), Halotan (H) ve hofluran (İ) olmak üzere, 24'er sıçandan oluşturuldu. Deney öncesi ve sonrası γglutamil transferaz (γGT) enzim düzeyleri ile deneklerin karaciğerleri histopatolojik açıdan incelendi. Sıçanlara davranışları için sırası ile Hole Board ve T maze testleri uygulandı. Dört hafta süre ile, günde 4 saat, subanestezik dozlarda inhalasyon anestezikleri sıçanlara inhale ettirildi. Anestezi odasında; 3 L dk-1 O2 akımı içerisinde halotan % 0.1, izofluran % 0.15 konsantrasyonlarında verildi. Kontrol grubuna sadece 3 L dk-1 O2 verildi. Gruplardan; H ve İ grubunda, K grubuna oranla deney sonrası gamma GT değerleri arasında farklılık saptandı (p

Anahtar Kelimeler:

Sıçan, Wistar, Karaciğer, Halotan, İzofluran, Anestezikler, inhalasyon

The effects of subanesthetic concentrations of halothane and isoflurane behaviour and liver of rats

This experiment is planned to observe the effects of subanesthetic concentrations of inhalation agents on behaviour and liver of rats. 72 female 6 months old wistar albino rats are used. Each of three groups which are control (C), halothane (H) and isoflurane (I) had 24 rats. The tests Hole Board and T Maze are applied. The livers are examined histopathologically. The enzyme gamma GT levels are compared before and after experiment. The rats inhaled subanesthetic doses of inhalation agents 4 hours daily for 4 weeks. The concentrations of 0.1 % halothane, 0.15 % isoflurane are given in a flow of 3 L min-1 O2 in the anaesthesia room, 3 L min-1 O2 is given to the control group. In the hole board test, the comparison between the groups of the number of holes smelled and duration of immobility showed that, in groups H and I less holes were smelled and the time elapsed without motion was longer than in group C (p<0.05). In the T maze test, when the time spent to find the target pot and the number of entries to the wrong pathways compared; in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd days the rats of group C found the target pot earlier and entered to less wrong pathways than the rats of groups H and I (p<0.05). Histopathologically and the levels of γGT after the tests the groups H and I were significantly different than group C (p<0.05). As a result, we found that subaneshtetic concentrations of inhalational agents cause behavioural changes and histopathological liver changes in rats.

Keywords:

Rats, Wistar, Liver, Halothane, Isoflurane, Anesthetics, Inhalation,

___

1. Berry AJ, Katz JD. Hazards of working in the operating room. In: Barash PG, Cullen BF, Stoelting RK (eds) Clinical Anesthesia, Philadelphia, Lippincott-Raven 1997; 69-91.
2. Baden JM, Rice SA. Metabolism and toxicity of inhaled anesthetics. In: Miller RD, (ed) Anesthesia, Philadelphia, Churchill Livingstone 2000; 147-74.
3. Buring JE, Hennekens CH, Mayrent SL, Rosner B, Greenberg ER, Colton T. Health experiences of operating room personnel. Anesthesiology 1985;62: 325-30
4. Cook TL, Smith M, Winter PM, Starkweather JA, Eger El. Effect of subanesthetic concentration of enflurane and halothane on human behaviour. Anesth Analg 1978; 57: 434-40.
5. Hoerauf K, Hosemann W, Wild K. Exposure of operating room personnel to anesthetic gases during ENT interventions. Hobbhahn J Klinik fun Anaesthesiologie 1996; 44: 567-71.
6. Elliott RH, Strunin L. Hepatotoxicity of volatile anaesthetics. Review articles. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 339-48.
7. Carpenter RL, Eger El, Johnson BH, Unadkat JD, Scheiner LB. The extent of metabolism of inhaled anesthetics in humans. Anesthesiology 1986; 65: 201-5.
8. Cascorbi HK, Blake DA, Helrich M. Differences in the biotrans-formation of halothane in man. Anesthesiology 1970; 32:119-23.
9. Gelman S. Halothane hepatotoxity again? Anesth Analg 1986; 65: 831-4.
10. Hobb DO, Williams K. A method of rating animal intelligent. Genet Pyscology. 1946; 34: 59.
11. File SE, Wardill AG. Validity of head dipping as a measure of exploration in a modified hole-board. Psychopharmacologia 1975; 14: 53-9.
12. File SE, Wardill AG. The reliability of the hole-board apparatus. Psychopharmacologia 1975; 14:47-51.
13. Buresoya O. Spatial memory and instrumental conditioning. Acta Neurobiogiae Experimentalis. 1980; 40: 51.
14. Sharapova SE. The rate of acquisition and the extinction of an active avoidance conditioned reaction in fats with differing levels of alcohol motivation. Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlana Russia 1990.40 (Abstract): 688-92.
15. Panksepp J, De Eskinazi FG. Opiate and homing. J Comp Physiol Physcol 1980; 94: 650-63.
16. Willford JA, Segar TM, Hansen-Trench LS, Barron S. The effects of neonatal cocaine exposure on a play-rewarded spatial discrimination task in juvenile rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 1999; 62: 137-43.
17. De Vries TJ, Schoffelmeer AN, Binnekade R, Vanderschuren LJ. Dopaminergic mechanisms mediating the incentive to seek cocaine and heroin following long-term withdrawal of I.V drug self-administration. Psychopharmacology 1999; 143: 254-60.
18. Belzung C, Barreau S, Agmo A. Naloxane potentates anxiolytic-like actions of diazepam, pentobarbital and meprobomate but not those of Rol9-8022 in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 2000; 14 394: 289-94.
19. Gil F, Fisserova-Bergerova V, Altman NH. Hepatic protection from chemical injury-by isoflurane. Anesth Analg 1988; 67: 860-7.
20. Stevens WC, Eger El, White A et al. Comparative toxicities of halothane, isoflurane, and diethyl ether at subanesthetic concentrations in laboratory animals. Anesthesiology 1975; 42: 408-9.
21. Neuberger J, Mieli-Vergani G, Tredger JM, Davis M, Williams R. Oxidative metabolism of halothane in the production of altered hepatocyte membrane antigens in acute halothane induced necrosis. Gut 1981; 22: 669-72.
22. Nomura F, Hatano H, Ohnishi K, Akikusa B, Okuda K. Effects of anticonvulsant agents on halothane induced liver injury in human subjects and experimental animals. Hepatology 1986; 6: 952-6.
23. Plummer JL, Hall PM, Jenner MA, Ilsey AH, Cousins MJ. Effects of chronic inhalation of halothane, enflurane or isoflurane inrats. Br J Anaesth 1986; 58: 517-23.
24. Plummer JL, Hall PD, Cousins MJ, Bastin FN, Ilsley AH. Hepatic injury in rats due to prolonged subanesthetic halothan exposure. Acta Pharmacol Tdxicol (Copenh) 1983; 53:16-22.