Spermdeki odorant reseptörlerin rolü ve infertilite ile ilişkisi

Fertilizasyon sürecinde memeli spermlerinin oositin yerini tespit etme- si, flagellar hareketi düzenleyen, hem fiziksel hem de kimyasal ipuçla- rına bağlıdır. Bu işaretlerin nasıl tespit edildiği ve hareketin yönünü nasıl belirlediği büyük oranda bilinmemektedir. Odorant reseptörler (OR) hücre zarında bulunan ve koku moleküllerinin tespitinden so- rumlu reseptörlerdir ve insan kemoreseptörlerinin en büyük grubunu oluştururlar. Olfaktör duyu sistemi dışında testis ve sperm gibi çeşitli ektopik dokularda da OR’ler bulunmaktadır. Spermlerin kadın üreme sisteminde oositi bulabilmesi için sperm yüzeyinde belirli kemoresep- törlerin eksprese edilmesi gereklidir. Bu ektopik OR’lerin fertilizasyon sırasında kemotaksiste rolü olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. Spermin oosite yolculuğu sırasında kemotaksiste probleme yol açabilecek olası bir kusur infertiliteye neden olabilir. Erkek infertilite nedenlerinin yaklaşık ola- rak %50’si idiyopatik olup olası nedenlerden bir kısmını OR kusurları oluşturabilir. Bu derlemede, spermde bulunan OR’ler ve hastalıklar ile ilişkisi ele alınmıştır.

The role of sperm odorant receptors and its relationship with infertility

During the fertilization process, determination of the location of the oocyte by the sperm depends on both physical and chemical cues that regulate flagellar movement. How these signs are detected and how they determine the direction of movement is largely unknown. Odorant receptors (OR) are the receptors located on the cell membrane responsible for detecting odor molecules and they constitute the largest group of human chemoreceptors. Apart from the olfactory sensory system, ORs are also found in various ectopic tissues such as testis and sperm. In order for the sperm to find the oocyte in the female reproductive system, certain chemoreceptors must be expressed on the sperm surface. It has been suggested that these ectopic ORs may have a role in chemotaxis during fertilization. A possible defect that may cause problems in chemotaxis during the sperm’s journey to the oocyte may cause infertility. As it is known, about 50% of infertility causes are idiopathic, and OR defects may constitute some of the possible causes. In this review, ORs in sperm and their relationship with diseases are discussed.

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