Wineaster ANDERSON, Reyhan BOSTANCI, Orkhan ALİLİ

Anklav Turizm ve Gelişmekte Olan Destinasyonlar Üzerindeki Etkileri

Bu çalışma, gelişmekte olan destinasyonlarda anklav (Enclave)turizmin sosyo-ekonomik etkilerini araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışmanın odak noktası olarak Zanzibar seçilmiştir. Araştırmanın amacı ise başta turistlerin toplam harcamalarının belirlenmesi olmak üzere, bu harcamaların demografik özelliklere göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını saptamak, ayrıca satın alınan paket tur kategorileri ile turistlerin harcamaları arasında istatistiksel farklılığın olup olmadığını belirlemek üzere yapılmıştır. Veriler, 2009 yazında Zanzibar Havalimanında bulunan yabancı ziyaretçilere uygulanan spesifik bir anket aracılığı ile toplanmıştır. Verinin toplanmasından sonra turist harcamalarının akışı ortalama vaka özetleri ile tahmin edilmiş, yapılan ANOVA ile de elde edilen ortalamaların birbirine eşit olup olmadığı test edilmiştir. Farklı kategorideki tur paketleri için yapılan harcamalar karşılaştırıldığında, Anklav Turizm kapsamında yapılan harcamaların diğer kategorilere göre daha az olduğu saptanmıştır. İstatistiksel kanıtlar, bu farkın temel olarak satın alınan paket tur çeşidinden kaynaklandığını, dolayısıyla da paket tur hizmetlerinin turistlerin günlük ortalama harcamaları üzerinde anlamlı bir etkiye sahip olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Araştırma, yoksul yanlı (pro-poor) turizmin yaygınlaşması için turizm endüstrisi ile yerel halk arasında bağlantı oluşturabilecek stratejiler önermesi açısından alanyazına katkı sağlamaktadır.

Enclave Tourism and Its Socio-Economic Impact in Emerging Destinations

This study explores the socio-economic implications of enclave tourism in emerging destinations. The focus is on Zanzibar. The specific objectives are to estimate the gross tourist expenditure; to analyze the tourist expenditure in relation to the tourist demographic characteristics; and to find out whether there is any statistical difference between the expenditure caused by the type of the chosen tour mode. A specific visitor-survey was conducted at the Zanzibar Airport during the summer of 2009. Then, the flow of the tourist expenditure was estimated using aggregate-case summaries while the equality of the mean was analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. Analysis of expenditure between the different categories of the tours reveals that the average daily expenditure spent by the enclave tourist was well below that made by the other types of contracts. There is statistical evidence to suggest that the differences were due to the chosen tour mode, as the type of tour has a significant effect on the average daily expenditure per tourist at the destination. The study recommends calculated strategies for linking the tourism industry with the local people for pro-poor tourism promotion.

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